the mean percentage of cryptogenic strokes among ischemic strokes is 31%, of which one-third may be associated with patent foramen ovale. the foramen ovale is required for blood flow through the fetal atrial septum.  it is formed as of the fourth week of gestation, and this leads to right-left interatrial shunt that allows the passage of oxygenated blood to systemic circulation. in 75% of cases...

Paradoxical manifestation is worsening of pre-existing tuberculous lesion or appearance of new lesions in patients whose condition initially improved with antituberculous treatment. Our hypothesis was that paradoxical manifestation in non-HIV tuberculous meningitis (TBM) patients was underestimated and this could contribute to patients' prognosis. This was the first systemic study of paradoxica...

This paper discusses some structural conditions under which Russellian propositions in the sense of J. Barwise and J. Etchemendy [2] are paradoxical, and the computational complexity of the problems whether or not Russellian proposition is paradoxical, intrinsically paradoxical, and classical.

Paradoxical growth of Candida in vitro at echinocandin concentrations exceeding the MIC is well described, but the clinical relevance is unknown. We assessed echinocandin paradoxical effects against Candida bloodstream isolates (BSI) in the presence or absence of human serum and investigated regulatory mechanisms. As determined by broth microdilution, a paradoxical effect was evident for 60% (1...

background: paradoxical reactions to benzodiazepines including restlessness, anxiety and sometimes violent behavior sometimes occur. most of the known predicting factors of disinhibitory reactions such as age, gender, genetic or the psychological backgroundare not modifi able. th is study was conducted to evaluate the eff ect of rate of midazolam administration, as a controllable factor, on the...

During paradoxical sleep electrical stimulation of the mesencephalic reticular formation and emotiogenic structures in the mesencephalon and diencephalon produced depression or an increase in the theta rhythm of the hippocampal and entorhinal electrical activity. However, stimulation not involving behavioral arousal did not cause a transition from paradoxical phase into slow wave sleep. The ces...