Paraquat is a pneumotoxin that causes lung injury by enhancing oxidative stress; however, the cellular responses to these redox events are undefined. We previously showed that paraquat produced selective peroxidation of phosphatidylserine that preceded apoptosis in 32D cells. We now report that the phospholipase A2(PLA2) inhibitor quinacrine can attenuate phosphatidylserine oxidation and also b...

Introduction: Paraquat is a bipyridil herbicide commonly used in modern agriculture for weed and pest control. poisoning usually occurs through direct ingestion suicidal intent, causing mortality as consequence to oxidative damage, inflammation multi-organ failure.
 Objectives: In this study, we investigated the ameliorative potential of Cucurbita pepo fruit on paraqaut-induced inflammatio...

To establish some of the necessary steps in the toxic action of paraquat for cultured mammalian cells, we isolated paraquat-resistant HeLa cells after lethal increments in concentration of paraquat in the medium. The paraquat-resistant cells had increased the cellular content of both the Mn-containing and the CuZn-containing superoxide dismutases. The effect of paraquat on the consumption of ox...

Paraquat is an organic heterocyclic herbicide and defoliant agent used worldwide. However, paraquat is highly toxic to humans and animals and no effective antidote is available, which causes a high mortality rate. In order to investigate the effects of paraquat on the metabolic capacity of cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes, a cocktail method was employed to evaluate the activities of CYP2B1, CYP2D1...

We report the first example of a gene, hmp, encoding a soluble flavohemoglobin in Escherichia coli K-12, which is up-regulated by paraquat in a SoxRS-independent manner. Unlike what is found for other paraquat-inducible genes, high concentrations of paraquat (200 microM) were required to increase the level of hmp expression, and maximal induction was observed only after 20 min of exposure to pa...

The impact of chemical desiccation on yield showed contrasting results depending on seedmoisture content at the time of application. Its effects on seed deterioration are still unknownand could be modified by seed composition. Objectives were to evaluate the impact of chemicaldesiccation on: i) hybrid sunflower seed yield and composition at harvest time, ii) seeddeterioration during long-term s...

Uses Background Concentrations Environmental Chemistry General Chemical Properties Mode of Action Fate in Soils and Water Lethal and Sublethal Effects General Terrestrial Plants and Invertebrates Aquatic Organisms Birds Mammals Recommendations Acknowledgments References Tables Number 1 Paraquat concentrations in field collections of selected organisms and nonbiological materials 2 Chemical and ...

In this study, we developed a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS)-based serum metabolomic analysis method to evaluate the effects of pirfenidone in rats with acute paraquat poisoning. The rats were divided into four groups, acute paraquat poisoning group, low pirfenidone group, high pirfenidone group, and control group. The acute paraquat poisoning group rats were given 20 mg/kg of par...

Paraquat has been suggested to induce apoptosis by generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). However, little is known about the mechanism of paraquat-induced apoptosis. Here, we demonstrate that extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK) is required for paraquat-induced apoptosis in NIH3T3 cells. Paraquat treatment resulted in activation of ERK, and U0126, inhibitors of the MEK/ERK ...

Glycerol can be oxidized to formaldehyde by microsomes in a reaction that is dependent on cytochrome P-450. An oxidant derived from the interaction of H2O2 with iron was responsible for oxidizing the glycerol, with P-450 suggested to be necessary to produce H2O2 and reduce non-haem iron. The effect of paraquat on formaldehyde production from glycerol and whether paraquat could replace P-450 in ...