Two polarized patterns (Th1 and Th2) of cytokines, secreted by stimulated lymphocytes, regulate inflammatory responses. Each cytokine pattern inhibits production of the opposing pattern. Lymphocytes from inflamed intestine due to Crohn’s disease secrete a Th1 pattern of cytokines. Crohn’s disease is most prevalent in highly industrialized countries with temperate climates. It occurs rarely in t...

Parasitic nematode worms (Aspicularis tetraptera) were observed microscopically in histological sections of the colons of C57BL/6StCrl female mice. These nematodes have gram-positive bacteria intimately associated with the mucosal epithelium in their alimentary tract.

Learning more about the cells that enable parasitic worms called schistosomes to reproduce inside snails could lead to new treatments that prevent these parasites from being transmitted to humans.

Coccidiosis and helminthiasis are two parasitic diseases that harm both health the economy. The present study aimed to assess effect of Azadirachta indica leaf extracts (AILE) as an anti-parasitic modulator during murine coccidiosis well helminthic infection. Phytochemical analysis using FT-IR showed presence eleven compounds. A dose-dependent efficacy was observed in all experiments. At highes...

The Internet is rife with malware: worms and viruses are rampant. However, a new form of malware, the Internet parasite, could have an even more devastating effect on host systems worldwide. Like their biological counterparts, Internet parasites evolve through mutation and create new attack vectors, propagating silently through their victims. In this study, we attempt to simulate parasitic beha...