INTRODUCTION The purpose of this study was to determine prevalence of helmet use among motorcyclists as one of the preventive measures for road traffic injuries. METHODS A cross sectional observational survey was conducted in the 3 Districts (Kinondoni, Ilala and Temeke) that make Dar es Salaam. Tanzania. A standardized line-listing form and checklist were used to record the drivers and passe...

Cancer progression is driven by the accumulation of a small number of genetic alterations. However, these few driver alterations reside in a cancer genome alongside tens of thousands of additional mutations termed passengers. Passengers are widely believed to have no role in cancer, yet many passengers fall within protein-coding genes and other functional elements that can have potentially dele...

OBJECTIVES To investigate the frequency and pattern of injury in front seat passengers as compared with drivers, in Scotland. METHODS Using the Scottish Trauma Audit Group (STAG) database from 1994 to 2000, a search for injuries to eight anatomical body regions was performed. Injuries were identified and selected by their abbreviated injury score code. A comparison of injury frequency between...

The purpose of the research discussed in this thesis was to assess the effects of considering airline preferences in runway operations scheduling. This was motivated by the congestion and delays that regularly occur in the air traffic system. Delays cause both cost and inconvenience to airlines and their passengers. Airborne delays increase fuel cost. Delays can cause infeasibility to crew and ...

PURPOSE The specific mechanisms by which peer passengers increase teen drivers' crash risk are not completely understood. We aimed to provide insight on the two primary hypothesized mechanisms, distraction and promotion of risk-taking behavior, for male and female teen drivers and further for select driver-passenger gender combinations. METHODS From the National Motor Vehicle Crash Causation ...

The compulsory use of seat belts for drivers and front seat passengers was introduced to the United Kingdom in 1983. In 1991 legislation was extended to include rear seat adult passengers in cars where a seat belt was fitted. This protects rear seat passengers from ejection from the vehicle, and prevents them from becoming a hazardous projectile to front seat passengers in the event of a collis...

An entire airport terminal building is simulated to examine passenger flows, especially international departures. First, times needed for passengers to be processed in the terminal building are examined. It is found that the waiting time for check-in accounts for more than 80 percent of the total waiting time of passengers spent in the airport. A specialpurpose data-generator is designed and de...

Ride-sharing schemes attempt to reduce road traffic by matching prospective passengers to drivers with spare seats in their cars. To be successful, such schemes require a critical mass of drivers and passengers. Based on a history of advertised schedules and agreed shared trips, we observed an imbalance number of feasible matches between drivers and passengers. We assess the potential benefits ...

Passengers’ experience is becoming a key metric to evaluate the air transportation system’s performance. Efficient and robust tools to handle airport operations are needed along with a better understanding of passengers’ interests and concerns. This paper is concerned with airport gate scheduling for improved passenger experience while ensuring robust air-side operations. Three metrics accounti...

The Urban Rail Transit (URT) has been one of the major trip modes in cities worldwide. As the passengers arrive at variable rates in different time slots, e.g., rush and non-rush hours, the departure frequency at a site directly relates to perceived service quality of passengers; the high departure frequency, however, incurs more operation cost to URT. Therefore, a tradeoff between the interest...