A timestamping scheme is passive if a stamper can stamp a document without communicating with any other player. The only communication done is at validation time. Passive timestamping has many advantages, such as information theoretic privacy and enhanced robustness. Passive timestamping, however, is not possible against polynomial time adversaries that have unbounded storage at their disposal....

We examine the periphrastic passive construction in Latin, in which a part of the verb paradigm is expressed by an auxiliary/copular verb ‘to be’ with the perfective passive participle, with the syntax of a predicative adjective construction. Building in part on the treatment sketched by Börjars, Vincent and Chapman (1997) and other recent work in Lexical Functional Grammar (Frank and Zaenen, 1...

Recently, several efforts to implement and use an unconditionally secure multi-party computation (MPC) scheme have been put into practice. These implementations are passively secure MPC schemes in which an adversary must follow the MPC schemes. Although passively secure MPC schemes are efficient, passive security has the strong restriction concerning the behavior of the adversary. We investigat...

We consider passive all-optical networks using wavelength division multiplexing and wavelength routing, i.e. the path of a signal is determined by the wavelength of the signal and the signal origin. We present upper and lower bounds on the required number of wavelengths to achieve a given blocking probability. Speciically we show that between ?p M (1?P b) and O ?p M wavelengths are required to ...

All studies that have examined children’s comprehension of passives using both actional (e.g. wash) and psychological (e.g. see) verbs in English have found a significant interaction of voice (active vs. passive) and verb type (actional vs. psychological), with psychological passives being answered most poorly. Accounts differ as to whether a grammatical impairment with passive syntax underlies...

The passive construction in Tukang Besi demonstrates a striking break between the morphosyntactically coded properties of its argument and the syntactic privileges that are displayed (or, rather, not displayed) by that argument. An analysis in terms of very simple predicate logic is advanced that not only accounts for the passive data very simply, but makes a number of other surprising predicti...