Since 2013, smoke-free signs in public places, including in restaurants and food stores, have been introduced in Vietnam, aiming to prevent passive smoking. Although extensive research has been carried out on second-hand smoking among clients in public places (e.g., hospitals, restaurants) in Vietnam, no single study exists which captures the current practice of smoking among street food outlet...

Learning is generally conceived as active and purposive behavior, involv. ing motivation, practice, achievement. Here, the authors focus on "passive" learning, on what is "caught" rather than "taught," and on the processes by which such learning may take place. Passive learning is typically effortless, responsive to animated stimuli, amenable to artificial aid to relaxation, and characterized b...

Several active attacks on user privacy in the World Wide Web using cookies or active elements (Java, Javascript, ActiveX) are known. One goal is to identify a user in consecutive Internet session to track and to profile him (such a profile can be extended by personal information if available). In this paper, a passive attack is presented that uses information of a different network layer in the...

A significant word order difference between the English be-passive and the Chinese bei passive is that in English, the external argument occurs at the end of the sentence as in John was hit by Bill, while in Chinese, the external argument precedes the main verb as in (1). From the traditional view that took the agent phrase (byor bei-phrase) to be an adjunct, the word order difference simply fo...

The authors evaluated competing theories that attribute psychopathic individuals' poor passive avoidance to a strong activating system, a weak inhibitory system, or poor modulation of behavioral activation when inhibitory cues appear. In Study 1, the continuous motor task involved a reward phase to elicit the activating system followed by a passive avoidance phase. Study 2 tested the generality...

This paper presents the results from a user workshop that was undertaken to investigate the relationship between the nature of current home rehabilitation tools and the motivation to exercise. We also present a method of visual feedback which we hope will be an effective tool for informing users regarding important clinical measures associated with their recovery. Older adults over the age of 6...

Research dealing with the motives of sports tourists from a marketer’s perspective remains underdeveloped. This chapter describes the phenomenon of sports tourism and aspires to examine with an empirical study the motives of winter and summer sports tourists. The first sample (n=339) was comprised of active as well as passive summer sports tourists. The second sample (n=477) only focused on act...

Merleau-Ponty's relation to Husserl has been understood along a spectrum running from outright repudiation deep appreciation. The aim of this paper is clarify significant and heretofore largely neglected unifying thread connecting Merleau-Ponty, while also demonstrating its general philosophical import for phenomenological philosophy. On account, the details programmatic continuity between thes...

introduction: students are often similar in terms of learning ability and talent. however, there are remarkable differences in their academic performance during their schooling, which can be due to the differences in their academic motivation and achievement motivation. the current study was carried out to compare achievement motivation and academic achievement among the students of kermanshah ...

Section 5, as well as several Figures and a number of Acknowledgments, which will appear in the above-mentioned book, are not shown in this pre-print paper. Motivation and Overview of this Chapter. Passive testing is a complementary technique to active testing. Under the term 'active testing' we know the 'classical' forms of testing whereby a newly developed system is scrutinized and evaluated ...