Goat's milk, because it apparently is easy to digest, has been recommended for infants, children, convalescents, and for adults troubled with digestive disturbances. Also, it sometnnes is used by individuals who are allergic to other milks. Most goat's milk is consumed in the raw state at present. Iroats are rarely affected with tuberculosis and for that reason the possibility of consumers cont...

A pasteurization temperature monitoring system has been designed using FoneAstra, a cellphone-based networked sensing system, to monitor simulated flash-heat (FH) pasteurization. This study compared the effect of the FoneAstra FH (F-FH) method with the Sterifeed Holder method currently used by human milk banks on human milk immune components (immunoglobulin A (IgA), lactoferrin activity, lysozy...

OBJECTIVES The aim of this work was to study the tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) infection of goats and the possibilities to prevent human milk-borne infections either by immunizing animals or the heat treatment of milk. METHODS An experiment was conducted with 20 milking goats. Ten goats (half of them immunized) were challenged with live TBEV and 10 were left uninfected. Clinical signs ...

Human cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection may be acquired in very low birth weight and extremely low birth weight (ELBW) infants from breast milk. The clinical relevance of such infections is uncertain. There is no consensus on whether screening breast milk for CMV, freezing/pasteurizing milk before feeding, or performing virological monitoring on at-risk infants is warranted. We describe an ELBW i...

Q fever is a bacterial infection affecting mainly the lungs, liver, and heart. It is found around the world and is caused by the bacteria Coxiella burnetii. The bacteria affects sheep, goats, cattle, dogs, cats, birds, rodents, and ticks. Infected animals shed this bacteria in birth products, feces, milk, and urine. Humans usually get Q fever by breathing in contaminated droplets released by in...

In the last two decades, much research has been carried out using ultrasound as an alternative for pasteurization. Cavitation, main effect of ultrasound, can disrupt and perforate cell membranes, generate free radicals, produce sonoluminescence. Ultrasound in combination with additional hurdles such temperature, pressure, or antimicrobials achieve a 5-log reduction. Pathogens, spoilage microorg...

This research investigated the application of 915 MHz microwaves in pasteurizing pre-packaged vegetables. A specially designed 915 MHz single-mode microwave-assisted pasteurization (MAP) system was used to process carrot cuboids in brine pre-packaged in 8-oz polymer pouches. Gellan gel was formulated and selected as the model food to simulate the real foods processed by the MAP system; heating ...

In November 1950, a relatively modern factory, called Alpha, was established in Javadiyeh district of Tehran. It was the first factory of milk pasteurization in Iran, which started by pasteurizing five tons of milk per day and manufacturing dairy products. The factory was under official health supervision of Pasteur Institute of Iran and had a significant contribution to the improvement of the ...

It has been the heartbeat of researchers and food engineers to discover appropriate effective technology for microbial control ensure safety food. This is because microorganisms such as bacteria, fungi, viruses, protozoa can cause contamination in products. Many studies have published reviews on use single novel radio frequency (RF), pulsed light (PL), cold plasma (CP) process safety. However, ...