abstract competition is a phenomenon that influences the size, structure and stability of insect communities, particularly on solitary endoparasitoids species. although, competition normally incurs costs, it might be adaptive for the surviving individual. to determine which factors affect the patch use strategy of foragers under competition, the effect of previous experience with hosts already-...

1. Pollinator visitation patterns in relation to variation in floral display size may be modified both quantitatively and qualitatively by local plant density. In this study four measures of pollinator response by Bombus spp. (plant visitation rate, bout length, proportion of flowers visited, flower visitation rate) were investigated under two or three different plant densities in two consecuti...

Here we report a novel approach for preparation of a 6-day transdermal drug delivery system (TDDS) as treatment for mild to moderate Alzheimer’s disease. The spray drying method was used to prepare microparticles containing the anti-Alzheimer drug. The content of the drug was determined by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) method. The morphology and size range of the microparticles ...

Studies of the effects of patch size and isolation on plant species density have yielded contrasting results. However, much of the available evidence comes from relatively recent anthropogenic forest fragments which have not reached equilibrium between extinction and immigration. This is a critical issue because the theory clearly states that only when equilibrium has been reached can the numbe...

A number of recent algorithms in signal and image processing are based on the empirical distribution of localized patches. Here, we develop a nonparametric empirical Bayesian estimator for recovering an image corrupted by additive Gaussian noise, based on fitting the density over image patches with a local exponential model. The resulting solution is in the form of an adaptively weighted averag...

Here we report a novel approach for preparation of a 6-day transdermal drug delivery system (TDDS) as treatment for mild to moderate Alzheimer’s disease. The spray drying method was used to prepare microparticles containing the anti-Alzheimer drug. The content of the drug was determined by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) method. The morphology and size range of the microparticles ...

Foraging decisions depend not only on simple maximization of energy intake but also on parallel fitness-relevant activities that change the forager's 'state'. We characterized patch use and patch leaving rules of a top-predatory seabird, the Brown Skua (Catharacta antarctica lonnbergi), which during its reproductive period in the Antarctic establishes feeding territories in penguin colonies. In...

That area-sensitive songbirds breed only in relatively large patches suggests that there may be a minimum patch size threshold in which they will breed, even when controlling for the total amount of habitat in the landscape. We searched for minimum patch size thresholds of presence, territory establishment by males, pairing success, and reproductive success for 2 migratory songbirds that differ...