In terrestrial ecosystems, ecological processes and patterns within focal patches frequently depend on their matrix. Crop fields (focal patches) are often surrounded by a mosaic of other land-use types (matrix), which may act as habitats for organisms and differ in terms of the immigration activities of organisms to the fields. We examined whether matrix quality affects wild pollinator abundanc...

The diversity, expressed as species richness in equal-sized samples, of wood-living beetles in successional stages of deciduous forest after forest fires approximately 100 years ago did not differ between patch sizes in this study. Thus, the crucial question for conservation is whether the lack of reduction in diversity in small patches means that a number of small patches can elevate the regio...

Transdermal matrix type patches of terbutaline sulphate were fabricated using ethyl cellulose and cellulose acetate polymer. The highest release rate was observed from CP3 and EP2 patches. Transdermal patches CP3 and EP2 were found to be physically stable with regard to drug content, tensile strength, folding endurance, thickness, and weight variation. The drug permeation from both the patches ...

The availability of nicotine-replacement therapies is very low in India, as there are only a few importers. Currently, negligible forms of transdermal patches are available, they are expensive, and not easily accessible to the common man. In this study, an attempt was made to develop transdermal patches of nicotine, which are cost effective and conducive to the Indian market. Two types of patch...

To describe the dynamics of stage-structured populations with m stages living in n patches, we consider matrix models of the form SD, where S is a block diagonal matrix with n× n column substochastic matrices S1, . . . , Sm along the diagonal and D is a block matrix whose blocks aren× n nonnegative diagonal matrices. The matrix S describes movement between patches and the matrix D describes gro...

Purpose: To to develop and evaluate matrix-type ondansetron hydrochloride (OS) transdermal patch for the treatment of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting. Methods: Transdermal patches were prepared by solvent casting method using ethyl cellulose and polyvinyl pyrrolidone as matrix materials, and dibutyl phthalate and dibutyl sebacate as plasticizers. The formulations were evaluated for pat...

plants change their environment characteristics and especially soil properties while their growth and adaptation, to develop plant communities. in this study effect of halophyte patches from urmia lack in a vegetation type of salsola nitraria and aeluropus littoralis on chemical and physical properties of soil was investigated. so 4 vegitation patches along 2 transect with the length of 150 met...