A failure of conveyor chain links in a production process can cause unscheduled shutdowns, which increase the throughput time coupled with damaged buckets and links, maintenance repair costs. Since failures chains are inevitable, this research aims to modify design bucket elevator by incorporating ratchet mechanism, will prevent assembly from dropping bottom whenever there is chain-link also av...

The pyrophosphate (PPi) analogue phosphonoformic acid (PFA or foscarnet) inhibits the reverse transcriptase (RT) of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1); however, the mechanisms of drug action and resistance remain elusive. Here we studied the effects of the translocational status of HIV-1 RT on drug binding and inhibition of DNA synthesis. We identified "hot spots" for inhibition du...

The study of the mechanism which is at the basis of the phenomenon of protein folding requires the knowledge of multiple folding trajectories under biological conditions. Using a biasing molecular-dynamics algorithm based on the physics of the ratchet-and-pawl system, we carry out all-atom, explicit solvent simulations of the sequence of folding events which proteins G, CI2, and ACBP undergo in...

Translocation of RNA polymerase (RNAP) is a robust target for regulation of gene expression in prokaryotes and eukaryotes (1–3). During elongation, RNAP frequently encounters a broad range of DNA/RNA conformations (RNA hairpins, curved and cruciform DNA), DNA-binding proteins, DNA lesions, and misincorporation events at the 3′ ends of the RNA. These encounters impede forward translocation, lead...

Quantum mechanical motion of a particle in a periodic asymmetric potential is studied theoretically at zero temperature. It is shown based on semiclassical approximation that the tunneling probability from one local minimum to the next becomes asymmetric in the presence of weak oscillating field, even though there is no macroscopic field gradient in average. Dissipation enhances this asymmetry,...

With its low birthrate, Japan currently faces an aging issue. As the senior population gradually increases, applying moderate daily exercise has been widely accepted as a key to ease incidence of life-related diseases, such cerebrovascular disease that leads severe aftermath by causing unhealthy gait posture. An already productized active assistive device named RE-Gait® uses motor and pressure ...

I argue for a general account of when an appeal to religious conscience removes a legal obligation to render a private market service. Recent cases in the state courts and legislative bodies evince the need for a specific account of the success conditions for religious conscience objections to private market services where these obligations arise from anti-discrimination clauses. I begin with s...