in this research, the structural behavior of timber and concrete sleepers in a standard railway turnout is evaluated, in the case of raising speed. in approaching this evaluation, current practices in the structural analysis of sleepers are surveyed and then, the sensitivity analysis with abaqus software is made based on selected criteria (bending and shear stresses as well as contact pressure)...

A common mechanism to elicit risk preferences requires a respondent to make a series of dichotomous choices. A recurring problem with this mechanism is a frequently observed tendency to switch from the less to the more risky choice multiple times, multiple switching behavior. We introduce an instructional variation our evidence suggests practically eliminates such behavior. We read a script emp...

In this paper I study debt cap regulations in retail mortgage lending Hungary introduced by the National Bank of Hungary. believe introduction was justified, but toolkit applied should be reviewed. After studying international examples and reviewing literature, have concluded that LTV (loan-to-value) regulation correspond to European practice researchers’ findings. While LTI (loan-to-income) ra...

background: informal payments in the health sector of many developing countries are considered as a major impediment to health care reforms. informal payments are a form of systemic fraud and have adverse effects on the performance of the health system. in this study, the frequency and extent of informal payments as well as the determinants of these payments were investigated in general hospita...

introduction payment system is any organized arrangement for transferring monetary value leading to discharge and settlement of obligation. negotiable instruments in their special meaning are tradable documents that can be used as means of payment in commercial and consuming trades and are considered as non-cash payment system among the monetary transferring systems. the negotiable instruments ...

nowadays, along with the development of human communities, wildlife has been faced with serious issues even to the estent of a threatening extinction,therefore the role of natural ecosystem preservation for the needed conservartion of wildlife is of crucial importance. estimation of payment willingness is an apparopriate method for an assessment of an individual's interest in wildlife cons...

Consumer payment choice is based on heterogeneous preferences, availability, usage costs, and effective taxes. We examine the consequences of this consumption distribution, aggregate output, welfare shadow economy. analyze India’s sudden demonetization 86% cash in circulation with new notes gradually being replaced over next several months. The cost liquidity shock was equivalent to 1% owing sl...

background and objectives: informal payment in the health settings is a significant challenge facing the health system, with consequences such as inequity in access to healthcare services, distrust to health care system, and dissatisfied customers. detailed identification of the nature of the problem is perquisite to developing relevant overcoming strategies. given that, this study aimed at pro...

BACKGROUND The aim of the study was to identify any distinct behavioural patterns in switching between public and privately insured payment classifications between successive episodes of inpatient care within Western Australia between 1980 and 2001 using a novel 'couplet' method of analysing longitudinal data. METHODS The WA Data Linkage System was used to extract all hospital morbidity recor...