This paper explores the research conducted to understand the role of the rat parabrachial nucleus (PBN) in taste-mediated behavior. Gustatory information of the PBN is modulated by three key principles: taste-visceral input from the NST, descending projections from corticofugal areas, as well as indirect signals from inhibitory GABAergic mechanisms. While these three components modify PBN activ...

In this paper, a new control method for a probabilistic Boolean network (PBN) is proposed. A PBN is widely used as a model of complex systems such as gene regulatory networks. For a PBN, the structural control problem is newly formulated. In this problem, a discrete probability distribution appeared in a PBN is controlled by the continuous-valued input. In the proposed solution method, using a ...

The central nervous system controls food consumption to maintain metabolic homoeostasis. In response to a meal, visceral signals from the gut activate neurons in the nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS) via the vagus nerve. These NTS neurons then excite brain regions known to mediate feeding behaviour, such as the lateral parabrachial nucleus (PBN). We previously described a neural circuit for a...

Clausen, F. 2004. Delayed Cell Death after Traumatic Brain Injury. Role of Reactive Oxygen Species. Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis. Comprehensive Summaries of Uppsala Dissertations from the Faculty of Medicine 1359. 75 pp. Uppsala ISBN 91-554-5990-0 Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of death and disability. TBI survivors often suffer from severe disturbances of cognition, memory a...

We investigated the role of glutamatergic projection from the parabrachial nucleus (PBN) complex to the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM) in the PBN-induced suppression of reflex bradycardia in adult Sprague-Dawley rats that were maintained under pentobarbital anesthesia. Under stimulus conditions that did not appreciably alter the baseline systemic arterial pressure and heart rate, electric...

A neuron's sensitivity profile is fundamental to functional classification of cell types, and underlies theories of sensory coding. Here we show that gustatory neurons in the nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS) and parabrachial nucleus of the pons (PbN) of awake rats spontaneously change their tuning properties across days. Rats were surgically implanted with a chronic microwire assembly into t...

We examined whether salt taste and/or abdominal illness were dealt within different subnuclei in the parabrachial nucleus (PBN) in mice, using retrograde tracing methods and c-Fos-like immunoreactivity (FLI) detection procedures. Some PBN subnuclei have distinct functions and receive various sensory inputs from the nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS) and other areas and relay them to the higher...

Dirac notation has been widely used for vectors in Hilbert spaces of Quantum Theories. In this paper, we propose to use the Probability Bracket Notation (PBN), a new set of symbols defined similarly (but not identically) as in Dirac notation. By applying PBN to fundamental definitions and theorems for discrete and continuous random variables, we show that PBN could play a similar role in probab...

PURPOSE This study was conducted to test the hypothesis that phenyl-N-tert-butylnitrone (PBN), a spin-trapping agent known to cross the blood-brain barrier and protect the brain from ischemia-reperfusion injury, is incorporated into the retina after intraperitoneal injection and protects photoreceptor cells from the damaging effects of constant visible light. METHODS Albino rats were injected...

Background. We tested the hypothesis that secondarily produced free radicals can be detected in venous coronary effluent without the need for direct exposure of postischemic tissue to the spin trapping agent a-phenyl-tert-butylnitrone (PBN). Methods and Results. The left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) of pigs was ligated for 15, 30, 40, or 60 minutes, and the tissue was subsequently ...