REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY Equine rhinitis viruses (ERV) cause respiratory disease and loss of performance in horses. It has been suggested that the economic significance of these viruses may have been underestimated due to insensitive methods of detection. OBJECTIVES To develop a sensitive, rapid, real-time RT-PCR (rRT-PCR) assay suitable for the routine diagnosis and epidemiological surve...

OBJECTIVE To determine the efficacy of cell culture, immunoflourescence Assay (IFA) and real time polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) in relation to diagnosis of influenza and Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV). METHODS Total 2781 specimens of throat swabs and nasopharyngeal aspirates were obtained from patients suspected of respiratory viruses' infections from January 2009 to December 2011 at...

Knowing when, and to what extent co-extracted inhibitors interfere with molecular RNA diagnostic assays is of utmost importance. The QIAamp Viral RNA Mini Kit (A); MagNA Pure LC2.0 Automatic extractor (B); KingFisher (C); and NucliSENS EasyMag (D) RNA extraction systems were evaluated for extraction efficiency and co-purification of inhibitors from stool suspensions. Real-Time Reverse Transcrip...

Methods Data from August 2009 to December 2010 were collected. In high-risk patients and those with moderate to severe influenza-like illness (ILI), diagnosis of influenza A and pandemic (H1N1) influenza were confirmed by real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) by Roche LightCycler 2.0 system. Seven RIDTs were used and results were compared with rRT-PCR to assess per...

Effective laboratory methods for identifying avian influenza virus (AIV) in wild bird populations are crucial to understanding the ecology of this pathogen. The standard method has been AIV isolation in chorioallantoic sac (CAS) of specific-pathogen-free embryonating chicken eggs (ECE), but in one study, combined use of yolk-sac (YS) and chorioallantoic membrane inoculation routes increased the...

A high-throughput multiplexed assay was developed for the differential laboratory detection of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) from viruses that cause clinically similar diseases of livestock. This assay simultaneously screens for five RNA and two DNA viruses by using multiplexed reverse transcription-PCR (mRT-PCR) amplification coupled with a microsphere hybridization array and flow-cytome...

The aim of this study was to determine an infectious bronchitis (IB) infection, caused by Israel variant 2 (IS/1494/06)-like IBV, in a layer chicken flock regularly vaccinated with vaccines containing IBV H120 and 4/91 strains. Mild respiratory symptoms, drop egg production soft-shelled eggs eventually death were observed flock. Clinical samples from four diseased chickens examined for the dete...

Avian influenza (AI) viruses are endemic in wild birds and if transmitted to poultry can cause serious economic losses. In the study of AI, the quantitation of virus shed from infected birds is valuable in pathogenesis studies and to determine the effectiveness of vaccines, and is performed routinely by cultivation of virus containing samples using embryonating chicken eggs (ECE) and expressed ...

Influenza A virus (IAV) epidemics are the result of human-to-human or poultry-to-human transmission. Tracking seasonal outbreaks of IAV and other avian influenza virus (AIV) subtypes that can infect humans, aquatic and migratory birds, poultry, and pigs is essential for epidemiological surveillance and outbreak alerts. In this study, we performed four real-time reverse transcription-PCR (rRT-PC...