Reactions of the anionic gallium(i) heterocycle, [:Ga{[N(Ar)C(H)](2)}](-) (Ar = C(6)H(3)Pr(i)(2)-2,6), with a variety of mono- and bidentate phosphine, tmeda and 1,5-cyclooctadiene (COD) complexes of group 10 metal dichlorides are reported. In most cases, salt elimination occurs, affording either mono(gallyl) complexes, trans-[MCl{Ga{[N(Ar)C(H)](2)}}(PEt(3))(2)] (M = Ni or Pd) and cis-[PtCl{Ga{...

With a view to applications in bifunctional catalysis, a modular cross-coupling strategy has been used to prepare amine bis(imidazolium) salts (3a and 3b) and an amine mono(imidazolium) salt (6) as precursors to chelating amido-NHC ligands. Treating the pro-ligands 3 with 3 equivalents of the bulky base KHMDS and Pd(OAc)(2) or PtCl(2)(COD) gave the four amido bis(N-heterocyclic carbene) pincer ...

The reaction of [Rh(μ-SH)(CO)(PPh(3))](2) or [Rh(μ-SH){P(OPh)(3)}(2)](2) with [Cp*MCl(2)](2) (M = Rh, Ir) in the presence of NEt(3) afforded the Rh(3) and IrRh(2) sulfido-bridged compounds [Cp*M(μ(3)-S)(2)Rh(2)(CO)(2)(PPh(3))(2)] (M = Rh, 1; Ir, 2) and [Cp*Rh(μ(3)-S)(2)Rh(2){P(OPh)(3)}(4)] (3). The reaction with [MCl(2)(cod)] (M = Pd, Pt), cis-[PtCl(2)(PPh(3))(2)] or [(η(6)-C(6)H(6))RuCl(2)](2)...

A concise asymmetric synthesis of an 11β-HSD-1 inhibitor has been achieved using inexpensive starting materials with excellent step-economy at low catalyst loadings. The catalytic enantioselective total synthesis of 1 was accomplished in 7 steps and 38% overall yield aided by the development of an innovative, sequential strategy involving Pd-catalyzed pyridinium C-H arylation and Ir-catalyzed a...

the ball and beam system is one of the most popular laboratory setups for control education. in this paper, we design a fuzzy pd cascade controller for a ball and beam system using asexual reproduction optimization (aro) technique. the ball & beam system consists of a servo motor, a grooved beam, and a rolling ball. this system utilizes a servo motor to control ball’s position on the beam. chan...

Moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) is considered as a promising technology for wastewater treatment owing to the high biomass retention and low cost. In this study, performance of using MBBR partial denitrification (PD) was investigated. Denitrifying successfully formed after 40 days with nitrite reduction rate 40.83 mg VSS/g carriers 51.52 N/(gVSS·h), respectively. Morphology analysis by scanni...

Cod Gadus morhua are important predators in many ecosystems in the North Atlantic, but their ecological importance has diminished in many areas due to stock size reductions. In contrast, the Barents Sea cod stock is currently the world’s largest and at a high level. The goal of our study was to elucidate spatial aspects of cod−prey interactions in the Barents Sea during recent warm years (2004 ...

The synthesis of several carbazole-bis(triazole) (CzTrR) and carbazole-bis(tetrazole) (CzTR) ligands (5a–d 6a–d, respectively, where R=Me (a), i–Pr (b), Bz (c) CH2-2,4,6-C6H2Me3 (d)) is reported. Reaction these with PdCl2 in refluxing acetonitrile affords the complete series square planar complexes, Pd(CzTrR)Cl (7a–d) Pd(CzTR)Cl (8a–d). analogous platinum complexes are prepared by deprotonation...