Depression is common and may occur at any stage in the long history of Parkinson’s disease, markedly affecting a patient’s threshold to discomfort, but it is particularly difficult to assess before clear clinical features are evident. The rate of depression in patients with Parkinson’s disease vary, partly because of differences in the definition of depression, difficulties in distinguishing be...

background: looking in literature reveals that aging is accompanied by olfactory dysfunction and hyposmia/anosmia is a common manifestation in some neurodegenerative disorders. olfactory dysfunction is regarded as non-motor manifestations of parkinson disease (pd). the main goal of this study was to examine the extent of olfactory dysfunction in persian pd patients. methods: we used seven types...

Depression is common and may occur at any stage in the long history of Parkinson’s disease, markedly affecting a patient’s threshold to discomfort, but it is particularly difficult to assess before clear clinical features are evident. The rate of depression in patients with Parkinson’s disease vary, partly because of differences in the definition of depression, difficulties in distinguishing be...

In this paper, a new adaptive switching control approach, called adaptive evolutionary switching PD control (AES-PD), is proposed for iterative operations of robot manipulators. The proposed AES-PD control method is a combination of the feedback of PD control with gain switching and feedforward using the input torque profile obtained from the previous iteration. The asymptotic convergence of th...

abstract background and aim: the intolerance of uncertainty model was initially developed as an explanation for worry within the context of generalized anxiety disorder. however, recent research has identified intolerance of uncertainty (iu) as a transdiagnostic maintaining factor across the anxiety disorders. the aim of the present study was to compare the intolerance of uncertainty in patient...

This paper illustrates an application of intelligent control for a planar 3-RRR parallel manipulator. Unlike control of serial manipulators that has been vastly addressed in scientific literature, control of parallel manipulators has been only addressed by few. A GA optimized bi-level tuning fuzzy PD controller is designed here to control the manipulator. In order to consider the maximum allowa...

This paper presents a switching PD-based sliding mode control (PD-SMC) method for the 6-degree-of-freedom (DOF) hovering motion of the underwater robot with tilting thrusters. Four thrusters of robot can be tilted simultaneously in the horizontal and vertical directions, and the 6-DOF motion is achieved by switching between two thruster configurations. Therefore, the tilting speed of thruster b...

a palladium composite membrane was prepared via electroless plating technique using organic-inorganic method during activation process. the ceramic support surface was modified by two tio2-boehmite and one γ-alumina layers to avoid pd penetration in support pores. thin and defect-free pd composite membrane was obtained by creating a relative smoothness on the ceramic support and using pd nanopa...

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that does not develop spontaneously in some animal species. PD can be induced experimentally in some laboratory animals including mouse, rat and horse. Globus pallidus (GP) and substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) are damaged in patients with PD. The hallmark of PD is a progressive impaired control of movement, an alteration of autonomic ...