Hollow nanomaterials have attracted a lot of interest by virtue of their wide range of applications that arise primarily due to their unique architecture. A common strategy to synthesize hollow nanomaterials is by nucleation of the shell material over a preformed core and subsequent dissolution of the core in the second step. Herein an ultrafast, microwave route has been demonstrated, to synthe...

The concept of pseudodifferential operators (PDO) is introduced as a generalization of the usual concepts of differential and integral operators. Based on the PDO concept in Euclidean spaces the concept of a PDO on a manifold is developed. It is demonstrated that for PDOs on a manifold the main part of the operator coincides with the usual planar approximation of the operator. The so-called Mei...

Yields of protons emitted in the D + D reaction in Pd and PdO thick targets were measured for bombarding energies between 2.5 and 10 keV. The obtained yields were compared with those predicted by using the parameterization of cross sections at higher energies. It was found that both of the yields for Pd and PdO are surprisingly larger than the prediction. The bombarding energy dependence of the...

Retrospective analyses of Pacific Basin climate records highlight the existence of a pan-Pacific interdecadal climate oscillation. We find strong evidence for coherent patterns of interdecadal variability in Pacific winds, sea level pressures, and upper ocean temperatures. Collectively, the ocean-atmosphere pattern of variability has been labeled the “Pacific Decadal Oscillation”, or PDO. An in...

Understanding relationships between variability in historical fire occurrence and ocean–atmosphere oscillations provides opportunities for fire forecasting and projecting changes in fire regimes under climate change scenarios.We analysed tree-ring reconstructed regional climate teleconnections and fire–climate relationships in upper elevation forests (.2700m) from 16 sites in eight mountain ran...

The Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) and North Pacific Gyre Oscillation (NPGO) are the two dominant lowfrequency modes in the North Pacific. This study focused on the simulation capability of the two leading lowfrequency modes in current-coupled models, based on 24 coupled model outputs from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5). Results showed that most of these models cap...

BACKGROUND Glycerol is currently an over-produced chemical that can be used as substrate for the production of high value products such as 1,3-propanediol (1,3-PDO) in fermentation processes. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of initial pH on a batch mixed culture fermentation of glycerol, considering both the bacterial community composition and the fermentation patterns. RE...

This study uses the China Coastal Waters and Adjacent Seas Reanalysis (CORA) data to investigate the interannual and decadal variability of the Yellow Sea cold watermass (YSCWM) and its relationship to climate indices including the Arctic Oscillation (AO), El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO), and Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO). On the interannual timescale, the strong correlation between win...

The Pacific decadal oscillation (PDO), defined as the leading empirical orthogonal function of North Pacific sea surface temperature anomalies, is a widely used index for decadal variability. It is shown that the PDO can be recovered from a reconstruction of North Pacific sea surface temperature anomalies based on a first-order autoregressive model and forcing by variability of the Aleutian low...