Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) O157:H7 and enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) adherence to epithelial cells results in the formation of actin pedestals. Pedestal formation requires the bacterial protein Tir, which is inserted into the epithelial cell plasma membrane by the type III secretion system. EPEC and EHEC use different Tir-based mechanisms for pedestal formation, and the EPEC Ti...

Density profiles in pedestal region (H-mode) are measured in HL-2A and the characteristics of the density pedestal are described. Cold particle deposition by Supersonic Molecular Beam Injection (SMBI) within the pedestal is verified. ELM mitigation by SMBI into the H-mode pedestal is demonstrated and the relevant physics is elucidated. The sensitivity of the effect to SMBI pressure and duration...

Edge transport barrier (ETB) studies on the Alcator C-Mod tokamak [Phys. Plasmas 1, 1511, (1994)] investigate pedestal scalings and radial transport of plasma and neutrals. Pedestal profiles show trends with plasma operational parameters such as total current IP . A ballooning-like I2 P dependence is seen in the pressure gradient, despite calculated stability to ideal ballooning modes. A simila...

[1] Pedestal craters on Mars are defined by an outwardfacing scarp forming a plateau perched tens of meters above the surrounding terrain. Their origin has been attributed to impact armoring of the surface and subsequent removal of inter-crater terrain by either eolian deflation or sublimation of an ice-rich substrate. We identified 2696 pedestal craters between 60 N and 60 S latitude; 98% are ...

We consider the effects of finite ExB on the residual and neoclassical ion heat transport and ion flow in the pedestal. For a tokamak pedestal with a density scale of the poloidal ion gyroradius the finite ExB drift modfies the ion orbits, moving the trapped-passing boundary towards the tail of the ion distribution function. Introduction In many tokamak plasmas the width of the pedestal is obse...

An H-mode Edge Pedestal (HEP) plasma transport Benchmarking Exercise (BE) was undertaken for a single DIII-D pedestal. Transport modeling codes used include 1.5D interpretive (ONETWO, GTEDGE), 1.5D predictive (ASTRA) and 2D ones (SOLPS, UEDGE). The particular DIII-D discharge considered is 98889, which has a typical low density pedestal. Profiles for the edge plasma are obtained from Thomson an...

Predictions are developed for the structure of plasma parameter profiles of high-confinement (H)-mode pedestals in transport quasi-equilibrium in tokamaks. They are based on assuming paleoclassical radial plasma transport processes dominate throughout the pedestal. The key physical process in this model is that the electron temperature gradient increases to the magnitude required for paleoclass...

A novel pedestal-plus-test paradigm is used to determine the nonlinear gain-control properties of the first-order (luminance) and the second-order (texture-contrast) motion systems, that is, how these systems' responses to motion stimuli are reduced by pedestals and other masking stimuli. Motion-direction thresholds were measured for test stimuli consisting of drifting luminance and texture-con...

We studied the binocular organization of motion opponency and its relationship to contrast gain control. Luminance contrast thresholds for discriminating direction of motion were measured for drifting Gabor patterns (target) presented on counterphase flickering Gabor patterns (pedestal). There were four presentation conditions: binocular, monocular, dichoptic, and half-binocular. For the half-b...

Achieving high pedestal pressures in H(high)-mode plasmas confined in tokamaks is critical for obtaining fusion burning plasmas in ITER. Recent characterizations of quasi-equilibrium plasma parameter profiles in low collisionality H-mode pedestals in the DIII-D tokamak are briefly summarized. Critical plasma transport properties (large radial electron heat flow, density pinch) that establish th...