Over the Internet today, computing and communications environments are signif icantly more complex and confusion than classical distributed systems, lacking any centralized organization or hierarchical control. Heuristic algorithm is used to maintaining a topology in wireless peer to peer networks. Here the topology of the Mobile Ad Hoc Netw ork (MANET) is maintained via peer to peer overlay no...

Blockchain allows to securely store, using cryptography functions, validated transactions and other data across its peer (P2P) network. This P2P network is generated maintained by the participating peers in a distributed manner through discovery, neighbor selection managing inbound/outbound connections. As these tasks require extra consumption of bandwidth, energy, memory CPU usage, resource-li...

background: the purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of peer education among university students for reproductive health promotion based on researchers' experiences. methods: this interventional study was conducted in qazvin university of medical science during 2002 to 2004 through stakeholders' partnership and selection of 24 volunteer students according to their knowledge, ...

One of the challenges over mobile ad-hoc networks is content discovery. P2P content discovery techniques including structured and unstructured can be employed in MANETs by considering its special characteristics and limitations. The most important characteristic of MANETs is the mobility of the nodes which creates a dynamic topology. Hence, this article evaluates both structured and unstructure...

Currently, BitTorrent is the most popular protocol that is widely used for P2P file sharing system. Nevertheless, BitTorrent protocol exposes some inefficient processes that are choosing neighbours and selecting pieces. These are mainly based on the knowledge of overlay topology without considering underlying internet topology that might cause of traffic problems such as the bottleneck at some ...

Voice over IP (VoIP) is one of the most popular Internet applications. Many VoIP protocols (e.g. SIP) are based on a central-server scheme in which a caller needs to query the central server first for the callee’s information (e.g. IP address) before it can connect to them. However, such a centralized architecture has some drawbacks, such as an unbalanced load and a single point of the failure....