Animal models are important tools to predict human in vivo percutaneous absorption/penetration. Monkey, pig, rat, rabbit, guinea pig, hairless rodents, such as hairless rat, hairless mouse, hairless guinea pig and hairless dog, are among the most used animals for this purpose. Each animal model has its own advantages and weakness or limitation. To better correlate animal data with human skin ab...

This review examines recent progress made in the field of modelling and predicting percutaneous absorption. It describes initial qualitative modelling and how quantitative approaches were pioneered and then developed, particularly in the context of the analysis of specific subsets of data. It then focuses on recent developments, including non-linear modelling and discusses recommendations in mo...

We determined percutaneous absorption kinetics of 2-butoxyethanol (BE) in volunteers using microdialysis. Four male volunteers were dermally exposed twice to 90% and 50% aqueous solutions (v/v) of BE for 4.5h. To determine percutaneous absorption kinetics the concentration of BE was measured in the dialysate samples collected at 30 min-intervals throughout exposure. The systemic absorption, whi...

The percutaneous absorption of chlorhexidine during its routine use in topical antiseptic preparations used in umbilical cord care was investigated by determining plasma chlorhexidine concentrations at ages 5 and 9 days. These showed that percutaneous absorption of chlorhexidine occurred in preterm neonates treated with a 1% solution of chlorhexidine in ethanol, but not in term infants similarl...

A system was developed to measure percutaneous absorption of water-insoluble environmental agents into human skin. Percutaneous absorption of 4,4'-[14C]methylenebis [2-chloroaniline] (MBOCA) was measured during dry contact exposure of MBOCA with organ cultures of neonatal foreskin. Time-dependent exposures, autoradiographs, and thin-layer chromatography indicated that MBOCA was rapidly and prog...