Dear Sir, We read with great interest Chowdhry et al’s article about anatomical surface landmarks for predicting perforator location prior to deep inferior epigastric artery perforator flap raising. Although the ability to predict the approximate location of a perforator based upon surface anatomical landmarks should reduce the amount of time required for preoperative Doppler assessment of perf...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The size variation of single subcortical infarcts (SSIs) may be because of differences in stroke mechanisms or branching patterns of perforators. We aim to investigate this issue using high-resolution MRI. METHODS Patients with high-resolution MRI-identified SSI without significant (≥50%) middle cerebral artery stenosis were enrolled. Perforator stems were defined as pe...

Recent advances in wearable recording technology have enabled high-quality video recording of several surgical procedures from the surgeon's perspective. However, the available wearable cameras are not optimal for recording the harvesting of perforator flaps because they are too heavy and cannot be attached to the surgical loupe. The Ecous is a small high-resolution camera that was specially de...

UNLABELLED The perforator vessels are highly variable in number, localization types, hemodynamic specifications, and the anatomical interactions with other structures. For these reasons, the identification of the best perforator before the operation is very important for the choice of the main feed vessel and the design of the perforator flap. METHODS The authors retrospectively analyzed all ...

1 BACKGROUND Although flap anatomy is well studied on cadavers and microsurgical techniques are well practiced on rats, still there are few training models for learning the techniques of perforator flap harvesting. The cadaver has no bloodstream, so accuracy of dissection cannot be evaluated and flap viability cannot be verified. Training on humans carries a high risk of flap damage. A living m...

Reconstruction of lower limb defects is quite challenging in terms of scarcity of locally available flaps, poor wound healing and need for prolonged immobilization. Normally also there is decreased blood supply in the anterolateral aspect of leg and foot. Leg and foot is like a peninsula with no distal tissues available for proximal reconstruction. Also there is a paucity of loose tissue in leg...

OBJECTIVE To determine systematically the pattern of the cutaneous perforator of the lateral circumflex femoral artery (LCFA) in anterolateral thigh perforator (ALT) flap. MATERIAL AND METHOD Sixty dissections of the LCFA were carried out in 30 preserved cadavers. The number; type, origin, and location of the cutaneous perforators of the LCFA were studied and measured. RESULTS There were 16...

BACKGROUND The groin flap, based on the superficial circumflex iliac artery, was the first successful free flap. However, its popularity was lost essentially due to variable arterial anatomy. Clinical applications of perforator flap based on superficial circumflex iliac artery suggest that a dominant perforator based on his deep branch is enough to supply a large groin flap. METHODS Fresh cad...

Trauma, oncological resections and pressure sores can cause major soft tissue defects. The evolution of cutaneous, myocutaneous, and fasciocutaneous flaps currently makes possible the restoration of contour and, in many cases, function. This evolution was closely related to the increased understanding of the vascular anatomy of the skin and subcutis and has led to the development of perforator ...

BACKGROUND Reconstruction of soft tissue defects in the lower third of the leg remains challenging. Anatomical constraints limit the local options available for complex defects especially lower third of leg. Local flaps based on perforator vessels are raising interest in reconstructive surgery of the limbs. We present our experience with perforator flaps for reconstruction of soft tissue defect...