BACKGROUND: Breast pain and tenderness affects 70% of women at some time. These symptoms have been attributed to stretching of the nerves with increase in breast size, but tissue mechanisms are poorly understood. METHODS: Eighteen patients (n = 12 breast reduction and n = 6 breast reconstruction) were recruited and assessed for breast pain by clinical questionnaire. Breast skin biopsies from ea...

Chronic pain following surgical procedures for breast cancer was once thought to be rare. The results of recent studies, however, suggest that the incidence of chronic pain following breast cancer surgery may be over 50% (Tasmuth et al., 1995; Kwekkeboom, 1996; Fassoulaki et al., 2000). Post-operative sensations reported by patients can be transient or long-lasting, and can include pain, phanto...

Introduction: Breast cancer remains the major cancer among women, which is associated with high mortality and morbidity. Epidemiological studies indicate that the incidence of the breast cancer is influenced by familial, endocrine and dietary factors. Molecular iodine (I2) has been shown to cause apoptotic cell death independent of estrogen receptor and p53 status in breast cancer cell lines (M...

Although being predominantly anecdotal, breast carcinoma shows a considerable component of multifactorial genetic transmission, referable to dominant autosomal inheritance. Among the genes responsible for hereditary breast cancer two main genes (BRCA1 and BRCA2) have already been identified. At present, genetic tests to identify known inherited mutations associated with breast tumor predisposit...

paravertebral block is an appropriate method for intraoperative and postoperative pain relief in hemithorax operations .effectiveness of this type of pain management have already been shown in breast surgery .its effect on controlling chest wa ll pain is clear and remarkable . in our case despite of wide extension of lesion and penetration of ulcer to the deep part of thorax after excision, the...

CYCLIC AND NON-CYCLIC BREAST-PAIN A systematic review on pain reduction, side effects, and quality of life for various treatments. BACKGROUND No clear systematic-review on all the various treatment regimen for (Non-) cyclical-breast-pain currently exists. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to assess the various forms of therapy for treatment of breast-pain and the evidence for their effec...