Permeable pavements are a type of sustainable urban drainage system (SUDS) technique that are used around the world to infiltrate and treat urban stormwater runoff and to minimize runoff volumes. Urban stormwater runoff contains significant concentrations of suspended sediments that can cause clogging and reduce the infiltration capacity and effectiveness of permeable pavements. It is important...

Background and Objectives: Given the limited number of studies on Ramadan fasting and military performance, we conducted this study to identify the effect of Ramadan fasting on physical fitness performances in army cadets. Methods: Twenty healthy males were randomly selected from a larger sample group. The subjects were divided into fasting (n=10) and non-fasting (n=10) groups. They performed v...

under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Abstract In this paper, we give an a posteriori error estimates with constitutive law for some obstacle problem. The error estimator involves some parameter ε appeared in some penalized equation.

The aim of a soccer game is to score more goals than the opponent does. The chances of doing so increase when all the own players are continuously present on the field. In the RoboCup Standard Platform League (SPL), the only reasons for players not to participate in a game are that they either have been penalized or they have not been ready for the match in the first place. This paper presents ...

in this study, flow field and heat transfer of al2o3-cu/water micropolar hybrid nanofluid is investigated in a permeable channel using the least square method. the channel is encountered to chemical reaction, and a constant magnetic field is also applied. the bottom wall is hot and coolant fluid is injected into the channel from the top wall. the effects of different parameters such as the reyn...

Correspondence should be addressed to Hongya Gao, [email protected] Received 30 March 2012; Revised 26 April 2012; Accepted 23 May 2012 Academic Editor: Martino Bardi Copyright q 2012 Hongya Gao et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is...

A posteriori error estimates for the obstacle problem are established in the framework of the hypercircle method. To this end, we provide a general theorem of Prager– Synge type. There is now no generic constant in the main term of the estimate. Moreover, the role of edge terms is elucidated, and the analysis also applies to other types of a posteriori error estimators for obstacle problems.