This paper describes cognitive characteristics of timing difference for closed captions superimposed onto TV news programs. It was reported that timing delays for superimposing disrupts hearing impaired people's enjoyment and intelligibility of TV, but nobody has yet investigated the permissible limit for timing difference. This study presents subjects' permissible and preferable limits of the ...

What relation do the various parts of a plan bear to the overall aim of the plan? In this essay we consider this question in the context of two very different problems in the criminal law. The first, known in the German criminal law literature as the Actio Libera in Causa, involves defendants who contrive to commit crimes under conditions that would normally afford them a justification or excus...

A three-step algorithm is presented for discrete gate sizing problem of delay/area optimization under double-sided timing constraints. The problem is rst formulated as a linear program. The solution to the linear program is then mapped onto a permissible set. Using this permissible set, the gate sizes are adjusted to satisfy the delay lower and upper bounds simultaneously.

It is possible to retrieve viable sperm from a dying man or from a recently dead body. This sperm can be frozen for later use by his wife or partner to produce his genetic offspring. But the technical feasibility alone does not morally justify such an endeavour. Posthumous semen retrieval raises questions about consent, the respectful treatment of the dead body, and the welfare of the child to ...