Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR) are members of the superfamily of nuclear hormone receptors involved in embryonic development and differentiation of several tissues including placenta, which respond to specific ligands such as polyunsaturated fatty acids by altering gene expression. Three subtypes of this receptor have been discovered, each evolving to achieve different biolo...

The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) belong to the nuclear hormone receptor superfamily. All PPARs heterodimerize with the retinoid X receptor (RXR) and bind to specific regions on the DNA of target genes. The discovery of PPARγ as a target of multimodal insulin sensitizers has attracted remarkable scientific interest and had a great impact on the pharmaceutical industry. Thi...

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are ligand-dependent transcription factors of the nuclear hormone receptor super-family, which includes the steroid, retinoid, and thyroid hormone receptors. The PPARs can be activated by fatty acids and their eicosanoid metabolites, and have until recently been considered primarily to regulate genes involved in glucose and lipid homeostasis. ...

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are ligand-activated nuclear receptors controlling many important physiological processes, including lipid and glucose metabolism, energy homeostasis, inflammation, as well as cell proliferation and differentiation. In the past decade, intensive study of PPARs has shed novel insight into prevention and treatment of dyslipidemia, insulin resist...

The nuclear receptor superfamily consists of 48 mammalian transcription factors that regulate nearly all aspects of development, inflammation, and metabolism. Two subclasses, the Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors (PPARs) and Liver X Receptors (LXRs), are lipid-sensing receptors that have critical roles in lipid and glucose metabolism. The parallel epidemics of obesity and diabetes shi...

Schiffrin, Ernesto L. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors and cardiovascular remodeling. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 288: H1037–H1043, 2005; doi:10.1152/ajpheart.00677.2004.—Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are nuclear receptors that heterodimerize with the retinoid X receptor and then modulate the function of many target genes. Three PPARs are known: , / , and . ...

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are key regulators in various age-associated pathophysiological processes related to energy metabolism and oxidative stress. A progressive rise of oxidative stress and related inflammatory reaction appears the hallmarks of the aging process and many age-related diseases. PPARs are important redox-sensitive transcription factors and their dyreg...

Macrophages are essential modulators of lipid metabolism and the innate immune system. Lipid and inflammatory pathways induced in activated macrophages are central to the pathogenesis of human diseases including atherosclerosis. Recent work has shown that expression of genes involved in lipid uptake and cholesterol efflux in macrophages is controlled by peroxisome proliferator-activated recepto...

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) and thyroid hormone receptors (TRs) are members of the nuclear receptor superfamily. They are ligand-dependent transcription factors that interact with their cognate hormone response elements in the promoters to regulate respective target gene expression to modulate cellular functions. While the transcription activity of each is regulated by t...