This book studies our knowledge of history, its nature, historical development, epistemic limits, and scope. In ordinary language “history” is ambiguous. It may mean past events or the study of past events (Dray, 1993, p. 1). In its original Greek historie is etymologically related to the verb “to see” and consequently to inquiry and knowledge. In other languages, “history” means a story (Le Go...

it is said that the local historiography of iran – as a part of local historiography in islamic civilization – began after the widespread political, social, scientific, and cultural changes in various regions of iran and with khurāsān as its pioneer. but all the writers who have commented in this respect have disregarded the monographs that the traditionists of iraq school of historiography hav...

DENYS HAY, Annalists and historians. Western historiography from the eighth to the eighteenth century, London, Methuen, 1977, 8vo, pp. viii, 215, £2.95 (paperback). For very nearly forty years the distinguished Professor of Medieval History in the University of Edinburgh has planned to write a history of European historiography. He now does so with a brilliant survey, ranging from the historian...

In this paper, an automatic method for Persian WordNet construction based on Prenceton WordNet 2.1 (PWN) is introduced. The proposed approach uses Persian and English corpora as well as a bilingual dictionary in order to make a mapping between PWN synsets and Persian words. Our method calculates a score for each candidate synset of a given Persian word and for each of its translation, it select...

Persian is one of the Indo-European languages which has borrowed its script from Arabic, a member of Semitic language family. Since Persian and Arabic scripts are so similar, problems arise when we want to process an electronic text. In this paper, some of the common problems faced experimentally in developing a corpus for Persian are discussed. The sources of the problems are the Persian scrip...

’abd al-raḥmān jabartī got involved in writing egypt’s incidents at a time when this country was about to enter developments due to which the traditional features of egypt would undergo some transformations. the transformative trends were originated from the fact that since nineteenth century new european thoughts in various cases, including historiography, which jabartī had been witnessing sin...

The Persian language is one of the dominant languages in the Middle East, so there are significant amount of Persian documents available on the Web. Due to the special and different nature of the Persian language compared to other languages like English, the design of information retrieval systems in Persian requires special considerations. However, there are relatively few studies on retrieval...

Persian is an Indo-European language written using Arabic script, and is an official language of Iran, Afghanistan, and Tajikistan. Transliteration of Persian to English—that is, the character-bycharacter mapping of a Persian word that is not readily available in a bilingual dictionary—is an unstudied problem. In this paper we make three novel contributions. First, we present performance compar...

This article aims to provide an overview of the historiography of psychology textbooks. In the overview, I identify and describe in detail two strands of writing histories of introductory textbooks of psychology and juxtapose them to provide an integrated historiography of textbooks in psychology. One strand is developed by teachers of psychology-first as a general approach for investigating te...

the adaptation of sociological theories to historical subjects, despite the problems it encounters, is something that new historiography should start to do for dynamism and to avoid pure quotation of historical events and it should enjoy the results of other fields studies, especially sociology. in this case, system theory has an important position in appropriate analysis and explanation of his...