How to improve the efficiency of local subcontractor management in the Indian projects of China Petroleum Pipeline Bureau (CPP) is the center of this thesis. Based on the introduction of background and the analysis of reasons, this thesis puts forward a new management mode that combines “tame elephant”, “huge stick”, and “candies & sweet epithets” based on the “elephant-training artifice”, and ...

Ground-water contamination by crude oil, and other petroleum-based liquids, is a widespread problem. An average of 83 crude-oil spills occurred per year during 1994-96 in the United States, each spilling about 50,000 barrels of crude oil (U.S. Office of Pipeline Safety, electronic commun., 1997). An understanding of the fate of organic contaminants (such as oil and gasoline) in the subsurface i...

Multiproduct pipelines permit to transport large volumes of a wide range of refined petroleum products from major supply sources to distribution centers near market areas. Batches of refined products and grades are pumped back-to-back in the same pipeline, often without any separation device between batches. The sequence and lengths of such pumping runs should be carefully selected in order to ...