BACKGROUND Tamoxifen's cost-benefit ratio for breast ductal intraepithelial neoplasia (DIN) is unclear. Since low-dose tamoxifen showed a favorable modulation of breast cancer biomarkers in phase II trials, a monoinstitutional cohort of women with DIN treated with low-dose tamoxifen or no systemic treatment was analyzed. PATIENTS AND METHODS A total of 309 patients with DIN received low-dose ...

Adding platinum drugs to anthracycline/taxane (ANC-Tax)-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) improves pathological complete response (pCR) rates in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Copper transporter 1 (CTR1) and organic cation transporter 2 (OCT2) critically affect the uptake and cytotoxicity of platinum drugs. We immunohistochemically determined CTR1 and OCT2 levels in pre-chemotherapy b...

Plant growth retardant (PGR) refers to organics that can inhibit the cell division of plant stem tip sub-apical meristem cells or primordial meristem cell. They are widely used in the cultivation of rhizomatous functional plants; such as Codonopsis Radix, that is a famous Chinese traditional herb. However, it is still unclear whether PGR affects the medicinal quality of C. Radix. In the present...

Ovarian steroids, estradiol and progesterone, play central roles in regulating female reproduction by acting as both positive and negative regulators of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) secretion in the hypothalamus. Recent studies have identified kisspeptin neurons of the hypothalamus as the target of estrogenic regulation of GnRH secretion. In this study, we aimed to determine the signif...

S U M MA R Y. The recent introduction of androgen receptor (AR) status in breast cancer allows comparison of its prognostic role with that of progesterone (PgR) and oestrogen receptor (ER). In the present study of 269 breast cancer patients, a significant survival effect was found for PgR at 60 months, while ER and AR were of less importance. However, the prognostic role of ER and AR was depend...

An association of cigarette smoking with breast cancer risk has been hypothesized. However, results from previous studies have been inconsistent. This case-control study investigated the association of cigarette smoking with breast cancer risk in terms of estrogen-receptor/progesterone-receptor (ER/PgR) status. From among female patients aged 30 years and over admitted to a single hospital in J...

Some human breast cancers which contain estrogen receptors (ER) also contain progesterone receptors (PgR), whose presence may indicate that the ER remain responsive to estrogen and can still control specific protein synthesis. To demonstrate a direct role for ER we have used the human breast cancer cell line, MCF-7, which contains ER and low PgR levels. We have studied the effects of addition a...

Genus and Species. Sus scrofa. Locus. Pig Progesterone Receptor ( PGR) gene. Source and Description of Primers. Oligonucleotide primers were designed from a partial pig PGR cDNA sequence (Genbank accession no. S49016) with inferred intron-exon boundary information from humans (Misrahi et al., 1993). The primers were designed to span the intron between exons 7 and 8 of the PGR gene.

Some human breast cancers which contain estrogen receptors (ER) also contain progesterone receptors (PgR), whose presence may indicate that the ER remain responsive to estrogen and can still control specific protein synthesis. To demonstrate a direct role for ER we have used the human breast cancer cell line, MCF-7, which contains ER and low PgR levels. We have studied the effects of addition a...

Progesterone (P4) is essential for female fertility. The objective of this study was to evaluate the functional requirement of the nonclassical P4 receptor (PGR), PGR membrane component 1, in regulating female fertility. To achieve this goal, the Pgrmc1 gene was floxed by insertion of loxP sites on each side of exon 2. Pgrmc1 floxed (Pgrmc1(fl/fl)) mice were crossed with Pgr(cre) or Amhr2(cre) ...