Amputation of a body part, whether as a result of trauma or surgical intervention, is almost always associated with awareness of, and sensations referred to, the missing body part. These sensations were first noted by Ambroise Pare, a French military surgeon in the middle of the 16th century. Mitchel first used the term `phantom' in 1871 from his observations and medical studies of the American...

Century. However, it was Silas Weir Mitchell, a Neurologist who first used the term ‘phantom’ in fiction rather than in scientific literature in 1871. Lord Nelson is reputed to have said that his phantom was a direct proof of the existence of the soul. If an arm can survive physical annihilation, why not the entire person? With recent scientific developments, Neuro-physiologists and Neuro-psych...

People experience the feeling of the missing body part long after it has been removed after amputation are known as phantom limb sensations. These sensations can be painful, sometimes becoming chronic and lasting for several years (or called phantom pain). Medical treatment for these individuals is limited. Recent neurobiological investigations of brain plasticity after amputation have revealed...

After limb amputation, patients often wake up with a vivid perception of the presence of the missing limb, called "phantom limb". Phantom limbs have mostly been studied with respect to pain sensation. But patients can experience many other phantom sensations, including voluntary movements. The goal of the present study was to quantify phantom movement kinematics and relate these to intact limb ...

Lower back and extremity pain in the amputee patient can be challenging to classify and treat. Radicular compression in a patient with lower limb amputation may present as or be superimposed upon phantom limb pain, creating diagnostic difficulties. Both patients and physicians classically find it difficult to discern phantom sensation from phantom limb pain and stump pain; radicular compression...

Phantom sensation (PhS) is a pseudo-tactile sensation that occurs when two or more mechanical or electrical stimuli are presented simultaneously to the skin. PhS has two well-known characteristics. First, the location of PhS can be changed by changing the strength of stimuli. Second, the intensity of stimulation can influence the resulting PhS. This illusion has the potential to greatly reduce ...

The purpose of this literature review was to describe the main features of phantom eye syndrome in relation to their possible causes, symptoms, treatments, and influence of eye amputation on quality of life of anophthalmic patients. For this, a bibliographical research was performed in Pubmed database using the following terms: "eye amputation," "eye trauma," "phantom eye syndrome," "phantom pa...