OBJECTIVE Patients' opinion about prevalence of pharmaceutical services available in a community pharmacy among patients living in a rural area of the United Kingdom. The secondary objective was to identify appropriate action(s) to enhance patients' awareness of pharmaceutical services in rural areas. METHODS A self-administered, anonymous questionnaire was distributed to patients visiting a ...

For many years now, a number of Western herbs have been widely used in health food products in Japan and as pharmaceuticals in Europe. There are few or no mandated criteria concerning the quality of these herbal health food products, thus clarification is warranted. Here, we performed disintegration tests of 26 pharmaceutical and health food products containing the Western herbs ginkgo leaf and...

Two simple, sensitive and economical spectrophotometric methods were developed for the determination of nifedipine in pharmaceutical formulations. Method A is based on the reaction of the nitro group of the drug with potassium hydroxide in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) medium to form a coloured product, which absorbs maximally at 430 nm. Method B uses oxidation of the drug with ammonium molybdate ...

The aim of this study was to assess applicative properties of the produced acc. to own prescription dental anti-inflammatory hydrogel with Carbopol 974P. Ketoprofen pharmaceutical availability was tested from hydrogel with Carbopol 974P and to compare - from hydrogels of similar prescription produced on the base of xanthan gum carboxymethylcellulose sodium salt. Very high pharmaceutical availab...

Traditional microbiological methods tend to be labor-intensive and time-consuming. Rapid and novel methods in microbiological tests provide more sensitive, precise and reproducible results compared with conventional methods. In microbiology, the most rapid testing methods belong to the field of biotechnology such as PCR, ELISA, ATP bioluminescence and etc. Nevertheless impedance microbiology, b...

BACKGROUND In recent years, pharmacists have been involved in expanded patient care responsibilities, for example patient counseling in self-medication, medication review and pharmaceutical care, which require graduates to develop the necessary competences. Consequently, reorientation of pharmacy education has become necessary. As such, active learning strategies have been introduced into class...

BaCKGrounD At the preformulation stage of product development, estimates of chemical and/or physical stability are normally derived from accelerated stability tests and occasional use of thermal analysis (DSC, DTA, TGA). Although thermal analysis is ideally suited for study of first and second order phase transitions, kinetic studies of either chemical reactions or physical changes are normally...

1. GENERAL INTRODUCTION The objective of this chapter is to facilitate the implementation and use of alternative microbiological methods where this can lead to cost-effective microbiological control and improved assurance for the quality of pharmaceutical products. These alternative methods may also find a place in environmental monitoring. The microbiological methods described in the European ...

In this study near-infrared (NIR) transmission and diffuse reflection spectra of tablets with two different pharmaceutical active substances in variable concentrations were recorded. The purpose of these tests was to correlate the spectra with the content of active ingredient, hardness and moisture content in order to implement a fast, non-destructive quality control of solid drug formulations ...

Development of an immunotoxicology program within the pharmaceutical industry is described. With few guidelines in the area and a multitude of factors to consider, a basic screen for evaluating immune competence in species routinely used in toxicologic studies has been proposed. The future of immunotoxicology depends upon the ability of the selected immune function tests to be predictive of hum...