Biochemical analysis has shown the pond snail Lymnaea stagnalis to contain 2 main classes of Phe-Met-Arg-Phe-NH, (FMRFamide)-like neuropeptides: the tetrapeptides FMRFamide and Phe-Leu-Arg-Phe-NH, (FLRFamide), and the heptapeptides Gly-Asp-Pro-Phe-Leu-Arg-Phe-NH, (GDPFLRFamide) and Ser-Asp-Pro-Phe-Leu-Arg-Phe-NH, (SDPFFRFamide). By genomic mapping and DNA sequencing, we show here that the GDP/S...

Since its discovery, the Phe-Phe motif has gained in popularity as a minimalist building block to drive the self-assembly of short peptides and their analogues into nanostructures and hydrogels. Molecules based on the Phe-Phe motif have found a range of applications in nanomedicine, from drug delivery and biomaterials to new therapeutic paradigms. Here we discuss the various production methods ...

Aromatic essential oils play a significant role in pharmaceuticals, food additives, cosmetics, and perfumery. Essential mostly comprise aliphatic hydrocarbons, monoterpenoids, sesquiterpenoids diterpenes. Plant extracts complex mixture of terpenes, terpenoids, phenol-derived aromatic components. Terpenes are class hydrocarbons with numerous health benefits. These biological functions oil compon...

Hypertension is a serious risk factor for various diseases. Therefore, lowering and preventing high blood pressure significant issue. Blockage of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), which controls pressure, important to reduce consequently symptoms heart failure. This blockage can be carried out by angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs). The phe...

Two experiments were performed to study Phe imbalance and toxicity in 1-wk-old Babcock B380 chicks resulting from the addition of either a mixture of indispensable amino acids lacking Phe (IAA - Phe) or excess Phe to a diet that was nutritionally adequate in Phe. Chicks received a preexperimental semipurified diet for 1 wk and experimental diets from 7 to 14 d of age. In the first experiment, t...

A method for the determination of phenylalanine using spectrophotometric without preliminary correction solutions pH and use auxiliary chemical reagents has been developed. comparative analysis by varying acidity medium was carried out. The errors possibility their minimization were analyzed. It shown that analytical signal results amino acid in with different differ significantly due to presen...

The non-enzymatic synthesis of N-benzyloxycarbonyl-L-phenylalanyl-L-leucine (Cbz-Phe-Leu) from lipophilic N-benzyloxycarbonyl-L-phenylalanine (Cbz-Phe) and hydrophilic L-leucine (Leu), by N, N’-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) as a condensing agent, was carried out using reversed micellar system composed bis(2-ethylhexyl) sodium sulfosuccinate (AOT) surfactant isooctane. We successfully synthesiz...

phenylketonuria (pku) is an autosomal recessive disorder, which is characterized by severe mental retardation, microcephaly and seizures. the symptoms of this disease can be prevented if detected soon after birth. therefore, blood phenylalanine (phe) measurement is essential for the early diagnosis, treatment and dietary monitoring of pku patients. the goal of this research was to introduce a r...