Heterogeneous catalysts of ruthenium were prepared by impregnation on activated carbon and ZSM-5 and were used to degrade phenol in the presence of peroxymonosulphate (PMS). The ruthenium based catalysts were characterised by several techniques such as XRD, SEM, and N2 adsorption. It was found that Ru-AC is highly effective in heterogeneous activation of peroxymonosulphate to produce sulphate r...

The ability of the bacterium, Rhodococcus UKM-P, to degrade phenol was studied in shake flask culture. The effect of the cultivation parameters (temperature, pH, type and concentration of nitrogen source and salt concentration) on growth of the bacterium and phenol degradation was evaluated. The highest cell growth and the amount of phenol degraded (0.5 g/L) were observed in optimized cultivati...

Piotrowski, J. K. (1971). Brit. J. industr. Med., 28, 172-178. Evaluation of exposure to phenol: absorption of phenol vapour in the lungs and through the skin and excretion of phenol in urine. Volunteers were exposed to phenol vapour (5 to 25 mg/r3) by inhalation and through the skin, respectively, and the excretion of phenol in urine was examined. The retention of vapour in the lungs decreased...

Candida tropicalis isolated from acclimated activated sludge was used in this study. Cell suspensions with 5 x 10(7) cells ml(-1) were irradiated by using a He-Ne laser. After mutagenesis, the irradiated cell suspension was diluted and plated on yeast extract-peptone-dextrose (YEPD) medium. Plates with approximately 20 individual colonies were selected, and all individual colonies were harveste...

This work studies the use of biological and combined biological/enzymatic treatments in phenol degradation. The systems studied were conventional batch aerobic biological followed or preceded by enzymatic treatment. Tyrosinase extracted from the mushroom Agaricus bispora was employed. Biological treatment efficiently degraded effluents containing up to 420 mg.L of phenol, removing 97% of the CO...

During batch growth of Ralstonia eutropha (previously named Alcaligenes eutrophus) on phenol in the presence of acetate, acetate was found to be the preferred substrate; this organic acid was rapidly metabolized, and the specific rate of phenol consumption was considerably decreased, although phenol consumption was not abolished. This decrease corresponded to a drop in phenol hydroxylase and ca...

Phenol tolerance and degradation using spent mycelium substrate of Hypsizygus ulmarius showed that ligninolytic media with carbon or nitrogen limitation gave highest growth (26.27sq.cm), while limitation of both nutrients reduced it to 8.1sq.cm. 7.68sq.cm was seen in non-ligninolytic media; simultaneous nutrient increase gave 1.16sq.cm. Tolerance to phenol was best in ligninolytic media with ca...

in this study two identical anaerobic completely mixed fluidized bed reactors with gac and sand media were employed for cod & phenol removal. at loading rate of 1.6 g phenol l-1d-1, the efficiency of phenol removal in gac & sand reactors were 97.7% & 74%, respectively. at high loading rate of phenol (6.09 g phenol i: 1d1) the efficiency of phenol removal in gac reactor was better than 95%. in g...

This work deals with a new abiotic oxidation process designed as a suitable pre-treatment step within a biological depuration of wastewater containing phenol or its derivatives (o-cresol, 2-chlorophenol and p-nitrophenol) or aniline. The reaction was carried out in a stirred tank reactor at 20 degrees C and atmospheric pressure in presence of the organic compound, 150mgl(-1), zero valent iron p...

In this research, we investigated the use of an inexpensive thermally regenerated activated carbon as a pre-adsorbent in the solidification/stabilization of phenol-contaminated sand. Our results show that even the addition of very low amounts of regenerated activated carbon (1%-2% w/w sand) resulted in the rapid adsorption of phenol in the Chemical solidification/stabilization (S/S) matrix, wit...