We developed an alternative approach to teach diabetes mellitus in our practical classes, replacing laboratory animals. We used custom rats made of cloth, which have a ventral zipper that allows stuffing with glass marbles to reach different weights. Three mock rats per group were placed into metabolic cages with real food and water and with test tubes containing artificial urine, simulating a ...

In children, the most common cause of an elevated anion gap (AG) with ketonemia, ketonuria, hyperglycemia, and glycosuria is diabetic ketoacidosis. However, when the clinical history is not clear, other causes must be considered. A 9-month-old girl was transferred to our pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) because of severe metabolic acidosis. On admission, she presented with Kussmaul breathin...

Hyperemesis gravidarum is defined as presence of nausea and vomiting in pregnancy that affect 50-90% of all pregnant women, seen in the first trimester. Hyperemesis gravidarum often presents with maternal weight loss, electrolyte imbalance, and nutritional abnormalities. It is the most common reason for hospitalization during the first trimester of pregnancy. The risk factors for the disease ar...

Sir, Inborn errors of metabolism (IEM) are biochemical disorders result from the absence or abnormality of an enzyme or its cofactor, leading to either accumulation or deficiency of a specific metabolite. [1] More than 600 described IEMs have a clear phenotype. [2] However, occasionally a clinical and biochemical phenotype is not completely explained based on known disorder. A clear diagnosis i...

Basso PJ, Tazinafo LF, Silva MF, Rocha MJA. An alternative to the use of animals to teach diabetes mellitus. Adv Physiol Educ 38: 235–238, 2014; doi:10.1152/advan.00051.2014.—We developed an alternative approach to teach diabetes mellitus in our practical classes, replacing laboratory animals. We used custom rats made of cloth, which have a ventral zipper that allows stuffing with glass marbles...

the effect of alkyl substituents on the c-phenyl and/or the n-phenyl ring of benzophenylhydroxamic acid on their molecular structure and hydrogen bonding has been investigated. the predominant configuration in chcl3 is determined by steric and electronic effects. substituents on the c-phenyl ring favor the cis configuration, while substituents in the n-phenyl ring favor a trans configuration. t...