Critical thinking is the most valuable skill that schools can bequeath to their graduates. Teaching for critical thinking has always been a learning goal for teachers across all disciplines and levels. However, this outcome is not always accomplished. Critical thinking competence requires a philosophical shift from output to process, learning to thinking and subject isolation to subject integra...

Daniel Dennett’s Intuition pumps and other tools for thinking is his most exciting, original, and rigorous work since Darwin’s dangerous idea (1995), published almost twenty years ago. It is also Dennett’s most sustained and explicit discussion, in print, of his distinctive philosophical method. Dennett is notorious for eschewing the standard methodology of his discipline: analytic philosophy’s...

The modernistic model of upbringing emphasizes more cognitive, instrumental competence, and underlines the importance of critical thinking. The postmodern model of upbringing induces more interdisciplinary and creative thinking. The authors of the article raise the following question: is creativity compatible or incompatible with critical thinking? Relying on their own experience of textbooks w...

Leuridan (2011) questions whether mechanisms can really replace laws at the heart of our thinking about science. In doing so, he enters a long-standing discussion about the relationship between the mechanistic structures evident in the theories of contemporary biology and the laws of nature privileged especially in traditional empiricist traditions of the philosophy of science (see e.g. Wimsatt...