a hierarchy of information processing is proposed, with the provisionally highest level being the symbolic reasoning that distinguishes humans from animals. This level is based on an abstract language of thought or “code”, consisting of concepts represented by symbols and a syntactical mechanism for combining these concepts into new expressions. The main shortcoming of this conceptual-symbolic ...

This paper attempts to answer three questions: (1) Was Emerson a mystic? (2) If so, what is the nature of his mysticism? (3) How has his understanding of mysticism influenced by Unitarian theology and spiritual practice? In doing so, it draws upon historical and contemporary studies of mysticism and mystical experience, including those of William James, Leigh Eric Schmidt, and Bernard McGinn am...

The aim of this article is to set forth conjectures that are likely explain the inclusion Plato and Hermes as heralds Mani in testimony Ephrem Syria. This incorporation should be against background Syrian religious milieu, which was influenced by both Hellenistic philosophy Eastern traditions. Therefore, it would better seek a philosophical environment wherein were associated. Keywords: Manicha...

depending on his own intellectual system, iqbāl stresses the eastern wisdom of eastern people and muslims and challenges the western schools of thought including materialism and nihilism. his philosophy is composed of reasoning, mysticism, quran, hadith, love, spiritual concern, self-consciousness, awakening, passion and includes transcendental theory and action. he believes that the western ra...