the relation between the variants of the frequency and the length of the word is among the laws that george kinsley zipf discovered, according to which, the longer is the length of a word, the less is the frequency of its application in the text. it is tried in the present research to examine this law, which has not been so far examined on the arabic language of the qur’ān, with a concentration...

In this paper, we describe a method for automatically extracting grapheme-to-phoneme conversion rules directly from the transcription of speech synthesis database and introduce a weighted score and jamo similarity to overcome the rule application difficulties. We make a structured rule tree by rule pruning and rule association, and can eliminate most of the rules with almost no decrease of the ...

In this paper, we describe a method for automatically extracting grapheme-to-phoneme conversion rules directly from the transcription of speech synthesis database and introduce a weighted score and jamo similarity to overcome the rule application difficulties. We make a structured rule tree by rule pruning and rule association, and can eliminate most of the rules with almost no decrease of the ...

The study analyses the phonological interference of phoneme pronunciation [q] by Sundanese and Javanese speakers compared with Arabic speakers. researchers used a descriptive comparative qualitative method. listened, took notes, documented voice recordings male students from ethnic groups when reading Qur'an to collect research data analyse it using Praat software version 6.2.13. From results r...

This paper describes an acoustic-to-phonetic decoder (APD) (based on a mixed strategy: a) bottom-up which hypothesizes the most robust information about the speech signal, b) top-down which makes some verifications about the acoustic features or about the macro-class localization on the speech signal. In this paper, only the bottom-up strategy is described. In our system, a phoneme is described...

This paper presents Brazilian Portuguese phoneme patterns of distribution, according to an automatic grammar rulesbased grapheme to phoneme converter. The software Nhenhém (Vasilévski, 2008) was used for treating data: written texts which were decoded into phonologic symbols, forming a corpus, and subjected to a statistical analysis. Results support the high level of predictability of Brazilian...

A finite-state method, based on leftmost longestmatch replacement, is presented for segmenting words into graphemes, and for converting graphemes into phonemes. A small set of hand-crafted conversion rules for Dutch achieves a phoneme accuracy of over 93%. The accuracy of the system is further improved by using transformation-based learning. The phoneme accuracy of the best system (using a larg...