A test to verify the performance of several commercial and military optical fibers available on the market today was conducted, via usage of an electron accelerator, to monitor radiation induced scintillation or luminescence. The test results showed that no significant effects could be detected with the PMT (Photomultiplier Tube) system used, above a noise floor of 50 photons/sec that were due ...

Due to the low x-ray photon utilization efficiency and low measurement sensitivity of the electron multiplying charge coupled device camera setup, the collimator-based narrow beam x-ray luminescence computed tomography (XLCT) usually requires a long measurement time. We, for the first time, report a focused x-ray beam-based XLCT imaging system with measurements by a single optical fiber bundle ...

A miniature scanning fluorescent detector has been developed for plastic microchannel isoelectric focusing (mIEF) analysis. The detector, comprised of a lamp and photomultiplier tube (PMT) on a moving stage, measured the real-time distribution of fluorescently labeled peptides subjected to gel-free mIEF. During the run, the effective length of the 6-cm channel was scanned every 9 s. Analysis wa...

Whole-cell bacterial bioreporters await miniaturized photon counting modules with high sensitivity and robust compatible hardware to fulfill their promise of versatile, on-site biosensor functionality. In this study, we explore the photon counting readout properties of the silicon photomultiplier (SPM) with a thermoelectric cooler and the possibilities of detecting low-level bioluminescent sign...

The purpose of the research presented in this paper is to help characterize and improve the photomultiplier tubes which go inside the Xenon dark matter detector. This paper discusses Dark Matter, the Xenon experiment, and the main project. The main project presented in this paper is the optimization of a parameter of photomultiplier tubes called linearity. Linearity means that the input and out...

Sodium iodide crystal co-doped with thallium and lithium is a promising scintillator wide application prospects for dual gamma neutron detection. In this study, compact gamma/neutron detector was developed based on 2-inch NaI(Tl+Li) (NaIL) readout 8 × silicon photomultiplier (SiPM) array. Dedicated transimpedance amplifier circuit the SiPM The energy resolution response linearity array were eva...

Photomultipliers are fast, sensitive and low noise light detectors which operate across the ultraviolet–optical–near infra red region of the electromagnetic spectrum. Sensitivity is determined by the composition of the photocathode layer in which incident photons excite photoelectrons and the thickness of this layer. Incident light is partially reflected from and partially transmitted through t...

In this world of digital displays, almost all transducers generate analog signals. Whatever the device, whether it is making electrical, magnetic, mechanical, or optical measurements, i-ts output signal is likely to be analog rather than digital. One of the few exceptions is the photomultiplier tube (PMT). Its digital nature stems from the 1905 discovery by Einstein that the ejection of electro...

Results of studying the instability of the gain of FEU-115M photomultiplier tubes (PMTs) at a varying counting rate corresponding to the range of the anode current of 0.02–120 μA are presented. It is shown that the behavior and value of the gain instability for different samples of this PMT type substantially differs when the counting rate changes. The relative change in the gain of some PMTs r...

objective: it is well-known that all living cells emit ultra-weak photon emission (upe), which is due to byproducts of chemical reactions in cell metabolisms. it has been shown that reactive oxygen species (ros) in the cells enhances the upe intensity. the magnitude of such upe is extremely weak (i.e. a few to 103 photons/ (sec.cm2)), and the detection of such ultra-weak signals is hardly possi...