This study investigated hydrodynamic properties of oxygenic photogranules (OPGs) generated in a sequencing batch reactor (SBR) treating wastewater without aeration and OPGs cultivated under hydrostatic conditions used to seed an SBR reactor. Using isopycnic centrifugation the average density was found be 1037 kg/m3 1050 for OPGs, respectively. The had measured settling velocities range 0.001–0....

7 A homogeneous set of a graph G is a set X of vertices such that 2 ≤ |X| < |V (G)| 8 and no vertex in V (G) − X has both a neighbor and a non-neighbor in X. A graph 9 is prime if it has no homogeneous set. We present an algorithm to decide whether a 10 class of graphs given by a finite set of forbidden induced subgraphs contains infinitely 11 many non-isomorphic prime graphs. 12

In this paper, we obtain a forbidden minor characterization of a cographic matroid M for which the splitting matroid Mx,y is graphic for every pair x, y of elements of M .

A semigroup is amiable if there is exactly one idempotent in each R⇤-class and in each L⇤-class. A semigroup is adequate if it is amiable and if its idempotents commute. We characterize adequate semigroups by showing that they are precisely those amiable semigroups which do not contain isomorphic copies of two particular nonadequate semigroups as subsemigroups.

Solid electrolytes based on doped cerium oxide, Ce(M)O2-δ (M = rare-earth cations), are of considerable interest for potential use in low temperature solid oxide fuel cells (LTSOFCs) due to its higher ionic conductivity than YSZ based solid electrolyte.  In this research work, crystalline, pure Ce1-xMxO2-δ (where M = Gd or Sm, x = 0.10 or 0.20) based nanoparticles were prepared by chemical prec...

Many factors influence the near-field visualization of plasmonic structures that are based on perforated elliptical slits. Here, characterization errors are experimentally analyzed in detail from both fabrication and measurement points of view. Some issues such as geometrical parameter, probe-sample surface interaction, misalignment, stigmation, and internal stress, have influence on the final ...

For various graph-theoretic properties P that impose upper bounds on the minimum degree or the size of a neighbourhood set, we characterize the class %(P’) (%((P’)) of graphs G such that G and all its subgraphs (subcontractions) have property P. For example, if P is “6 <xn” (6 = minimum degree, n = number of vertices, 0 <X < 1) then S(P’) = F(K,+,), the class of graphs that do not have K,,, as ...

We study which infinite posets have simple cofinal subsets such as chains, or decompose canonically into such subsets. The posets of countable cofinality admitting such a decomposition are characterized by a forbidden substructure; the corresponding problem for uncountable cofinality remains open.