The effect of adsorption on molecular properties and reactivity is a central topic in interfacial physical chemistry. At electrochemical interfaces, adsorbed molecules may lose their electrochemical activity. The absence of in situ probes has hindered our understanding of this phenomenon and electrode reactions in general. In this work, classical electrochemistry and electrochemical scanning tu...

This is an idiosyncratically personal account of the origins, about 30 years ago, of the clonal selection theory, a no longer controversial integrating theme of immunological research. As an interested participant, the perspectives I can offer are those within my own ken, inevitably an egocentric one. This will unfortunately understate the independent roles played by a host of others, including...

Experimental techniques are now available which can probe the intricacies of carbohydrate structures, equilibria and dynamics. The development of theoretical tools has not kept pace with this progress; the reliance on hard sphere models and orientational averaging is unlikely to reveal the true nature of the phenomena involved. Computer simulation of PHCs in solution may, in the hands of expert...

The work discusses physicochemical phenomena related to interactions between the inhaled particles and the surface of pulmonary fluid which contains the lung surfactant. Dynamic surface phenomena which arise due to periodical variations of the interfacial area during breathing cycle are the extraordinary feature of this system and they are strictly related to the mechanics of ventilation and th...

The development of mathematical models for process systems can start from conceptual modelling, which is defined as characterizing the process system to be modelled by physicochemical concepts. The resulting conceptual model serves as a basis to further derive a mathematical model. In this paper, we propose to develop conceptual models using an ontology that represents a conceptualization of pr...

In the distant past, astronomy was often intertwined with religion into a unified cosmos. As science became a distinct cultural enterprise, astronomy has witnessed a variety of rich interactions with other fields. Mathematical statistics was stimulated in the 19th century by astronomical problems, and today astrostatistics is a small but growing cross-disciplinary field advancing methodology to...

Chairman: J. R. Durig (USA; 1983-89); C. J. H. Schutte (RSA; 1989-93); J. E. Bertie (Canada; 1993-97); Secretary: H. A. Willis (UK, 1983-87); J. G. Grasselli (USA; 1987-89); J. F. Sullivan (USA; 1989-95); Titular Members: A. M. Bradshaw (FRG; 1983-91); R. D. Brown (Australia; 1987-93); B. G. Derendjaev (Russia; 1983-91); R. K. Harris (UK; 1989-93); A. M. Heyns (RSA; 1993-97); E. Hirota (Japan; ...

Key words: soil-water transport, van Genuchten model, petroleum hydrocarbons In modeling a phytoremediation strategy, the transport and fate processes of soil water are influenced by subsurface groundwater flow, precipitation events, microbial activity, and transpiring vegetation. This transport is modeled in a variably saturated environment in a vertical dimension and is represented by a Richa...

Two Divisions of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC), namely Physical Chemistry (Commission I.7 on Biophysical Chemistry, formerly Steering Committee on Biophysical Chemistry) and Analytical Chemistry (Commission V.5 on Electroanalytical Chemistry), have prepared recommendations on the de®nition, classi®cation and nomenclature related to electrochemical biosensors; the...

The mechanisms that generate pattern and form in embryogenesis are unknown. Realistic modeling tries to incorporate known biological facts into coherent and rational physicochemical model mechanisms that orchestrate the pattern formation process. Such models can be used to provide the developmental biologist with possible scenarios for how biological pattern and form are created and to suggest ...