trauma is one of the major non-obstetric causes of pregnancy-associated maternal deaths. most cases of maternal trauma include: motor vehicle crashes, domestic violence, falls, burns, suicide, and toxic exposure. pregnancy-related anatomic and physiologic changes like increased joint laxity, weight gain, and changes in the center of gravity during pregnancy increase the risk of falling. one of ...

The documentation of pain in the labor and delivery setting is one of the essential tasks of all health care providers who care for women in labor. The Joint Commission standards mandate regular pain assessments, but compliance with this mandate in the highly unique patient population of laboring woman is problematic when using the standard 0 to 10 Numeric Rating Scale. Labor pain is always uni...

Introduction: Hydrotherapy is an effective, alternative intervention that can be used by care providers as a nonpharmacological pain relief method to help laboring women cope with labor. A wide variety of pain relief measures are available to women in labor. Aim of the Study: This study assessed nurses' knowledge about the use of hydrotherapy as a nonpharmacologic painrelief techniques during l...

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Normal term and spontaneous preterm births (PTB) are documented to be associated with oxidative stress (OS), and imbalances in the redox system (balance between pro- and antioxidant) have been reported in the maternal-fetal intrauterine compartments. The exact mechanism of labor initiation either at term or preterm by OS is still unclear, and this lack of understanding can partially be blamed f...

background one of the strategies for a good outcome and pain free childbearing is to design the delivery room. objectives the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of snoezelen room on childbearing outcome such as pain intensity, duration of labor, and perinea status in nulliparous women. patients and methods this study was a randomized controlled clinical trial consists of 100 childbea...

Care for women in labor in the United States is in a period of significant transition. Many intrapartum care practices that are standard policies in hospitals today were instituted in the 20th century without strong evidence for their effect on the laboring woman, labor progress, or newborn outcomes. Contemporary research has shown that many common practices, such as routine intravenous fluids,...