Some floral pigments (including antioxidants); carotenoids, chlorophylls, anthocyanins and xanthophylls were determined colorimetrically in some honeybee, Apis mellifera L., products; citrus, clover and cotton honeys, three types of beeswax; white, brown and dark and propolis; brown, dark brown and dark. Two solvents (acetone or ethanol) were used for extraction and determination of pigments at...

Modern non-destructive optical-reflectance-based techniques for estimation of pigment (chlorophyll, carotenoid, anthocyanin, and flavonol) contents, the rate of onand off-tree ripening as well as for detection of common physiological disorders, such as sunscald, superficial scald, and water core, and other damages to apple fruit are reviewed with an emphasis on the methods developed by the auth...

1. Results for the copper and zinc contents ofeye tissues of perch, trout, and frogs are presented. The results of Leiner & Leiner (1944) for zinc in perch and trout are confirmed. 2. Most of the zinc, and half the copper, of the perch choroids is bound in non-ionic form to the pigment-protein fraction of the tissue. 3. The absorption spectra of pigment-protein suspensions from perch and frog e...

1. The blue-green alga Anacystis nidulans was cultured under steady state conditions at 25 and 39 degrees C. and under several different light intensities to give five different types of cells. 2. Cells were submitted to pigment analysis based upon acetone extracts and aqueous extracts obtained by sonic disintegration. The different cell types show a threefold range of chlorophyll content and a...

A novel, simple and inexpensive modification method using TEOS to increase the UV light, pH and temperature stability of a red-beet-pigment extracted from Beta vulgaris has been proposed. The effects on the molecular structure of betalains were studied by FTIR spectroscopy. The presence of betacyanin was verified by UV-Vis spectroscopy and its degradation in modified red-beet-pigment was evalua...

abstract   aluminum is one of the most important heavy metals which not only can be easily absorbed by roots, but it also damages its normal function and blocks absorption of water and nutrients. according to this fact that sunflower has been widely used in industry, this study investigates the effects of aluminum toxicity on biochemical factors in two sunflower varieties including sirena (tole...

Hyperspectral imaging technique was employed to determine spatial distributions of chlorophyll (Chl), and carotenoid (Car) contents in cucumber leaves in response to angular leaf spot (ALS). Altogether, 196 hyperspectral images of cucumber leaves with five infection severities of ALS were captured by a hyperspectral imaging system in the range of 380-1,030 nm covering 512 wavebands. Mean spectr...