it is presumed by certain historians and biographers that imam husayn left mecca for iraq changing his intention of hajj or major pilgrimage into a minor one. this is the dominant view among them. studying this issue, the present article deals with the traditions relevant to the subject in hadith collections. a thorough examination of historical accounts and reliance on authentic traditions lea...

This article investigates emerging patterns of pilgrimage in the context Shiʿite Islam and studies case Arbaʿyin based on two weeks participatory observation, walking from al-Faw peninsula far south Iraq to city Karbalâ. I identify three narratives this pilgrimage—tribal, ideological orthodox—and discuss their commonalities differentials. The maʿāzīb system tribal narrative is core comparison, ...

A mass gathering (MG) is defined by World Health Organization (WHO) as “any occasion, either organized or spontaneous, that attracts sufficient numbers of people to strain the planning and response resources of the community, city or nation hosting the event” (1). Hajj pilgrimage is one of the fundamental pillars of Islam which must be performed by those Muslims with adequate means and health o...

This paper contributes to ‘visiting friends and relatives’ (VFR) discussions within migration diaspora literatures by proposing a closer theorization of religious mobilities through the conceptual framework ‘diasporic pilgrimage’. It advances VFR thinking considering religion as productive analytical category interrogate relationships between people place which sustain constitute diasporic conn...

Based on suitable video recordings of interactive pedestrian motion and improved tracking software, we apply an evolutionary optimization algorithm to determine optimal parameter specifications for the social force model. The calibrated model is then used for large-scale pedestrian simulations of evacuation scenarios, pilgrimage, and urban environments .

Background and Objectives: Traveling for health is one of the goals that can drive people to travel. Nowadays, pilgrimage plays a significant role in the therapy and spiritual well-being of people. Therefore, the present study aimed to study that how spiritual well-being is achieved through going on pilgrimage to holy places and how it affects all dimensions of one's life. Methods: The current...