In female, energy metabolism influences reproductive function by modulating the Hypothalamic Pituitary Ovarian axis including hypothalamic GnRH neuronal network, pituitary gonadotropin secretion and ovarian follicle growth steroidogenesis. Several hormones neuropeptides or metabolites are important signals between balance reproduction. These sensors mediate their action on cells through specifi...

There has been extensive research of the anterior pituitary gland of livestock and poultry due to the economic (agricultural) importance of physiological processes controlled by it including reproduction, growth, lactation and stress. Moreover, farm animals can be biomedical models or useful in evolutionary/ecological research. There are for multiple sites of control of the secretion of anterio...

glands. From this result, they indicated that the precocious sexual maturity was caused in the mouse by anuran anterior pituitary substances. It seems to the author that there would be no reference available,concerning the response of mammalian gonads to anterior pituitary hormones of pisces. Hence, in this paper effect of the hypophyseal gonadotropic hormones of tunny(Makaira marlina) to the g...

Recent evidences have highlighted that the pituitary hormones have profound effects on bone, so that the pituitary-bone axis is now becoming an important issue in the skeletal biology. Here, we discuss the topical evidence about the dysfunction of the pituitary-bone axis that leads to osteoporotic bone loss. We will explore the context of FSH and TSH hormones arguing their direct or indirect ro...

Protein carboxymethylase, an enzyme capable of methylating proteins and polypeptides, was purified from bovine pituitary. The anterior pituitary hormones, luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, adrenocorticotropic hormone, growth hormone, thyroid-stimulating hormone, and prolactin, were found to be substrates for this enzyme. The posterior pituitary hormones, oxytocin and vasopressi...

Hormones secreted from the pituitary gland regulate important processes such as development, growth and metabolism, reproduction, water balance, and body pigmentation. Synthesis and secretion of pituitary hormones are regulated by different factors from the hypothalamus, but also through feedback mechanisms from peripheral organs, and from the pituitary itself. In the European eel extensive att...

Hypopituitarism is a clinical syndrome characterized by deficiency of pituitary hormone production. Disorders that involve pituitary gland, hypothalamus, or surrounding structures may cause it. Panhypopituitarism refers to involvement of all pituitary hormones; usually, only 1 or more pituitary hormones are involved, resulting in isolated or partial hypopituitarism. Hypopituitarism is an uncomm...

Crosstalk among hormones characterizes endocrine function, and assessment of the hypogonadal man should take that into consideration. In men for whom testosterone deficiency is a concern, initial evaluation should include a thorough history and physical exam in which other endocrinopathies are being considered. Hypogonadism can be associated with both pituitary and thyroid dysfunction, for whic...

A method is described for the isolation of secretory granules from rat anterior pituitary glands. The method consists of differential and isopycnic gradient centrifugations, followed by filtration of the zones containing granules on Nuclepore filters to remove mitochondria. Highly purified granules were obtained as indicated by electron microscopy. Major parts of the thyrotropin (TSH) and adren...

Pituitary adenomas are common benign tumors that may or may not produce hormones that are rarely malignant. Those that do not generate hormones are considered non-functioning or non-secretory. Non-secretory pituitary adenomas are defined as tumors of the pituitary gland that lack the characteristic of hormone hypersecretion and account for 18 to31% of all surgically treated pituitary adenomas [...