BACKGROUND Terpenoids constitute a large family of natural products, attracting commercial interest for a variety of uses as flavours, fragrances, drugs and alternative fuels. Saccharomyces cerevisiae offers a versatile cell factory, as the precursors of terpenoid biosynthesis are naturally synthesized by the sterol biosynthetic pathway. RESULTS S. cerevisiae wild type yeast cells, selected f...

Global energy use and food production have increased nitrogen inputs to ecosystems worldwide, impacting plant community diversity, composition, and function. Previous studies show considerable variation across terrestrial herbaceous ecosystems in the magnitude of species loss following nitrogen (N) enrichment. What controls this variation remains unknown. We present results from 23 N-addition e...

Vermicomposting is a non-thermophilic, boioxidative process that involves earthworms and associated microbes. This biological organic waste decomposition process yields the biofertilizer namely the vermicompost. Vermicompost is a finely divided, peat like material with high porosity, good aeration, drainage, water holding capacity, microbial activity, excellent nutrient status and buffering cap...

For the polymer production industries, the competitive edge will come from the technology that excels in controlling the polymer properties in a consistent way over the entire plant and in maximizing the production performance while keeping safety regulations. Based on the experience in applying advanced process control and scheduling schemes to industrial polyole®n polymerization plants, the s...

Capacity coordination, as the tactical level of hierarchical production planning in hybrid MTS/MTO systems, includes numerous important decisions. In this paper, two of these decisions i.e. finding the best strategy for the acceptance/rejection of incoming orders and determining orders’ due dates – are investigated. Also a simulation model is proposed to evaluate the efficiency of the presented...

many reports that appeared during the last 20 years have shown that atmospheric pollution causes serious damage to human health and to environment. electricity generation from fuel fossil is one of the major sources of pollution and considerable share of this damage. the price of electricity in iran, as in many other countries also, includes only the production of private costs and ignores any ...

In this paper, we apply performance evaluation and capacity allocation models to support decisions in the design (or redesign) and planning of a job-shop queueing network of a metallurgical plant. Approximate parametric decomposition methods are used to evaluate system performance measures, such as the expected work-in-process (WIP) and production leadtimes. Based on these methods, optimization...

Mitsubishi Kasei and Mitsubishi Petrochemical merged to become Mitsubishi Chemical in 1994 making it the largest chemical company in Japan. This created an opportunity for improving their production systems especially for those production sites that are physically built next to each other. Mitsubishi Yokkaichi production site is a typical example, which consisted of three production sites in th...

BACKGROUND Iron (Fe) deficiency in crops is a worldwide agricultural problem. Plants have evolved several strategies to enhance Fe acquisition, but increasing evidence has shown that the intrinsic plant-based strategies alone are insufficient to avoid Fe deficiency in Fe-limited soils. Soil micro-organisms also play a critical role in plant Fe acquisition; however, the mechanisms behind their p...

Increasing trade between countries and gains in income have given consumers around the world access to a richer and more diverse set of commercial plant products (i.e., foods and fibers produced by farmers). According to the economic theory of comparative advantage, countries open to trade will be able to consume more-in terms of volume and diversity-if they concentrate production on commoditie...