Each hemisegment of the Manduca sexta larva is supplied with a subepidermal plexus of approximately 350 multidendritic neurons. An initial set of neurons, the primary plexus neurons, arise at 35-45% of embryogenesis. These neurons comprise 12-16 uniquely identifiable neurons per hemisegment that have homologues in other insect larvae. Each spreads processes across a characteristic portion of th...

Adult brachial plexus injuries frequently lead to significant and permanent physical disabilities. Investigating the mechanism of the injury using biomechanical approaches may lead to further knowledge with regard to preventing brachial plexus injuries. However, there are no reports of biomechanical studies of brachial plexus injuries till date. Therefore, the present study used a complex three...

We studied the variations in the ventral rami of 152 brachial plexuses in 77 Korean adults. Brachial plexus were composed mostly of the fifth, sixth, seventh and eighth cervical nerves and the first thoracic nerve (77.0%). In 21.7% of the cases examined, the fourth, fifth, sixth, seventh and eighth cervical and the first thoracic nerves contributed to the plexus. A plexus composed of the fourth...

Although heavy metal ions are known to be toxic to the central nervous system (CNS), the mechanisms by which the CNS may protect itself from initial challenges of such toxic ions is unknown. The choroid plexus is the principal site of formation of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) which bathes the brain. We have determined in rats and rabbits that after intraperitoneal administration of lead, cadmi...

introduction: the brachial plexus is responsible for the innervation to the upper limb and some parts of the thorax. variations in the branching of the brachial plexus are common and have been reported in 65.3% of the population. the variations (atypical communication) of brachial plexus have significant clinical and surgical importance. methods: in this study 10 upper limbs which belonged to 5...

Bulbar conjunctival plexus a superficial plexus of fine vessels overlying and freely moveable over the episclera. Mainly arteries, when inflamed they are bright red. Episcleral plexus straight radially arranged vessels in the superficial episclera. Mainly veins, they are also moveable over the deep layers (although less easily than the bulbar conjunctival vessels). When inflamed they give the e...

Effective brachial plexus blockade requires a thorough understanding of the anatomy of the plexus, as well as an appreciation of anatomic variations that may occur. This review summarizes relevant anatomy of the plexus, along with variations and anomalies that may affect nerve blocks conducted at these levels. The Medline, Cochrane Library, and PubMed electronic databases were searched in order...

Choroid plexus papilloma is a rare benign tumor accounting for 0.5% of all intracranial tumors. The majority of choroid plexus papillomas occur during the first 2 years of life in the ventricular system. Moreover, dense calcification of the tumor is uncommon. We report an adult case of densely calcified, atypical choroid plexus papilloma that originated from the cerebellopontine angle without c...