BACKGROUND PLGA microsphere-based vaccination has been proven to be effective in immunotherapy of syngeneic model tumors in mice. The critical step for the translation to humans is the identification of immunogenic tumor antigens and potent vaccine formulations to overcome immune tolerance. METHODS HLA-A*0201 transgenic mice were immunized with eight different human prostate cancer peptide an...

A mathematical reaction-diffusion model is defined to describe the gradual decomposition of polymer microspheres composed of poly(D,L-lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) that are used for pharmaceutical drug delivery over extended periods of time. The partial differential equation (PDE) model treats simultaneous first-order generation due to chemical reaction and diffusion of reaction products in s...

Repair of large bone defects is a major challenge, requiring sustained stimulation to continually promote bone formation locally. Bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2) plays an important role in bone development. In an attempt to overcome this difficulty of bone repair, we created a delivery system to slowly release human BMP-2 cDNA plasmid locally, efficiently transfecting local target cells an...

One small-scale double emulsion technique for incorporation of Naja- Naja oxiana venom into Poly (lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) microspheres were developed and optimized. The effects of high speed homogenization on the double emulsion stability, microsphere size, entrapment efficiency and In vitro release of venom were studied. A stable double emulsion was verified by homogenization method. Slow...

BACKGROUND Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1 ra) can be disease-modifying in posttraumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA). One limitation is its short joint residence time. We hypothesized that IL-1 ra encapsulation in poly (lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) microspheres reduces IL-1 ra systemic absorption and provides an enhanced anti-PTOA effect. METHODS IL-1 ra release kinetics and biological acti...

Background: The innovative repair materials for the bones are still lacking. So, we synthesized a porous microsphere by using basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), polylactide-co-glycolide (PLGA), poly L-lactic acid (PLLA) and hydroxylapatite (HAP), and its biocompatibility with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) was investigated in vitro. Methods: A modified solvent extraction/evapo...

A major obstacle to the development of implantable biosensors is the foreign body response (FBR) that results from tissue trauma during implantation and the continuous presence of the implant in the body. The in vivo stability and functionality of biosensors are compromised by damage to sensor components and decreased analyte transport to the sensor. This paper summarizes research undertaken by...

A biodegradable polymeric system is proposed for formulating peptides and proteins. The systems were assembled through the adsorption of biodegradable polymeric nanoparticles onto porous, biodegradable microspheres by an adsorption/infiltration process with the use of an immersion method. The peptide drug is not involved in the manufacturing of the nanoparticles or in obtaining the microspheres...

An increasing number of drugs are needing improved formulations to optimize patient compliance because of their short half-lives in blood. Sustained-release formulations of drugs are often required for long-term efficacy, and microspheres are among the most popular ones. When drugs are encapsulated into microsphere formulations, different methods of preparation need to be used according to spec...