Phase Lock Loop (PLL) is major analog circuit used for many different communication applications such as frequency synthesizer, radio, computer, clock generation and recovery, global positioning system etc. Therefore, the selection criteria for the desired PLL design is a critical and time consuming issue. This paper applies selection of proposed type of PLL for the desired application and anal...

In a phase-locked loop (PLL), it is critical to understand how reference clock noise affects the output quality, particularly in applications where PLLs are cascaded. That is, where the output of one PLL serves as the reference clock for another PLL. Traditionally, this problem is solved by qualitative analyses, rules of thumb, and simulation, all of which require confirmation with measurements...

Designing of an analog circuit satisfying the design constraints for desired application is a challenging job. Phase Lock Loop (PLL) is an important analog circuit used in various communication applications such as frequency synthesizer, radio, computer, clock generation, clock recovery, global positioning system, etc. Since all these applications are operating at different frequency, satisfyin...

In this paper we provide tableau calculi for the intuitionistic modal logics PLL and PLL 1 , where the calculus for PLL 1 is duplication{free while among the rules for PLL there is just one rule that allows duplication of formulas. These logics have been investigated by Fairtlough and Mendler in relation to the problem of Formal Hardware Veriication. In order to develop these calculi we extend ...

Phase locked loop (PLL) is a technique which has contributed significantly toward the technology advancement in communication and motor servo control systems. Inventions in PLL schemes combining with novel integrated circuit have made PLL devices important system components. The development of better modular PLL integrated circuit is continuing. As a result, it is expected that it will contribu...

T-cell prolymphocytic leukemia (T-PLL) is a rare and aggressive subtype of chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Usually it presents in older people with a median age of 61 years. T-PLL is characterized by elevated white blood cell (WBC) count with anemia and thrombocytopenia, hepatosplenomegaly, and lymphadenopathy; less common findings are skin infiltration and pleural effusions. The most frequent ch...

This paper presents a method for analyzing the Bit Error Rate of recovered data for PLL-based data recovery systems (DRS) as the PLL comes into lock. This method is based on the analyses of the transient response of the Phase-Locked Loop (PLL) and the associated jitter models. It provides a means to predict the acquisition time needed for a data recovery system to reach a given BER. Practical c...

A third order Phase locked loop, PLL, is widely used in communication systems. Lately, researcher had found that under certain conditions, such as gain, PLL is experiencing chaotic oscillations. For a single PLL, studies have shown that when the gain of PLL increases, it will encounter a chaotic behavior. To see the mutual effect of two coupled PLL, this paper will derive the mathematical dynam...

-A PLL is a closed loop system that locks the phase of an output signal to an input reference signal. The term “lock” refers to a constant or zero phase difference between two signals. The components of PLL are the Phase Frequency Detector (PFD), the charge pump (CP), the low pass filter (LPF), and the voltage controlled oscillator (VCO). In which the charge pump has been modified in order to o...

To research whether poly-L-lysine-starch nanoparticle (PLL-StNP) could protect DNA from ultrasound damage or not, a series experiments were carried out: plasmid DNA-PLL-StNP complexes were treated with ultrasound for diverse times; the electrophoresis result proved that DNA bound to the complexes all the same. To investigate whether the conjugated DNA was completely protected or not, cDNA fragm...