A versatile enzyme immobilization strategy for thin film continuous flow processing is reported. Here, non-covalent and glutaraldehyde bioconjugation are used to immobilize enzymes on the surfaces of borosilicate reactors. This approach requires only ng of protein per reactor tube, with the stock protein solution readily recycled to sequentially coat >10 reactors. Confining reagents to thin fil...

Three activated sludge reactors of different sizes and designs, one in pilot-plant-scale of 7,000 gallon liquid volume, and two in benchscales of 7.5 gallon and 1.2 gallon liquid volumes, respectively, were used to evaluate the scale-up effects on the process at outdoor temperatures. The reactors were operated under equivalent conditions by regulating the mean cell residence time, mean hydrauli...

The roles of chemical kinetics and mass transfer in two types of bioreactors (packed-column reactors and rotating disk bioreactors), used with continuous-flow sample/ reagent(s) processing, are discussed in detail. A normalized quantitative comparison between these types of reactors clearly shows that rotating disk reactors afford a significantly more efficient utilization of immobilized active...

The present paper examined the photocatalytic degradation (PCD) of gas-phase trichloroethylene (TCE) over thin-film TiO2. A large-scale treatment of TCE was carried out using scale-up continuous flow photo-reactor in which nine reactors were arranged in parallel and series. The parallel or serial arrangement is a significant factor to determine the special arrangement of whole reactor module as...

Alkaline hydrolysis of ethyl acetate is essentially an irreversible and second order reaction. Industrial importance of the reaction product, sodium acetate, necessitate for process improvement in terms of maximum conversion and economical usage of raw materials. Statistical design of experiments was utilized to enhance conversion in both batch and plug flow reactors.A full two level factor...

In this study, the effectiveness of two conventional UV reactors in series for the online sterilization of cheese whey was compared to that of a single conventional reactor. The single reactor and the two reactor series were tested at eleven flow rates (5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 50, 60 and 70 mL min ) and five flow rates, (35, 40, 50, 60, 70 mL min ), respectively. 100% destruction efficie...

This paper represents a detailed techno-economic analysis of typical commercial-scale catalytic decarboxylation process naphthenic acids over HZSM-5 zeolite. Simulation the has been performed in ASPEN Plus®. The performance modeled unit was compared to experimental results data from similar plant. Two models were developed for proposed industrial plant based on continuous flow reactors; first i...

A device for rapid mixing of two solutions is presented. As the main mechanism for mixing is diffusional mass transport, the ̄ow has to be split into several laminae which are narrower than the capillary width. Complete mixing is achieved within a few seconds in a ̄ow-through device with a channel system that is 600mm wide at its narrowest spot.