DNA carries genetic information in its sequence of bases. Synthetic oligonucleotides that can sequence-specifically recognize a target gene sequence are a useful tool for regulating gene expression or detecting target genes. Among the many synthetic oligonucleotides, tail-clamp peptide nucleic acid (TC-PNA) offers advantages since it has two homopyrimidine PNA strands connected via a flexible e...

Based on reanalysis and ensemble hindcasts data, this work investigates the multidecadal variation in seasonal predictability of Pacific-North American (PNA) teleconnection pattern during winter its sources. The results show that at two ends 20th century, PNA is mostly driven by El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO), a good prediction expected if models can accurately predict PNA-ENSO relationshi...

PNA is a nucleic acid analog with an achiral polyamide backbone consisting of N-(2-aminoethyl)glycine units (figure 1). The purine or pyrimidine bases are linked to the each unit via a methylene carbonyl linker (1-3) to target the complementary nucleic acid (4). PNA binds to complementary RNA or DNA in a parallel or antiparallel orientation following the Watson-Crick base-pairing rules (5-7). T...

Differentiation of most T lymphocytes occurs within the thymus and is characterized by variable expression of CD4/CD8 coreceptor molecules, increased surface density of T cell antigen receptor (TCR) alpha beta proteins, and decreased expression of glycan chains recognized by the galactose-specific lectin peanut agglutinin (PNA). Although appreciated for several decades that PNA agglutination is...

The biological activity of a combined treatment of U251, U373 and T98G glioma cell lines with two anti-miR PNAs, directed against miR‑221 and miR‑222 and conjugated with an ocataarginine tail (R8-PNA-a221 and R8-PNA-a222) for efficient cellular delivery, was determined. Apoptosis was analyzed, and the effect of the combined treatment of glioma cells with either or both PNAs on the reversion of ...

In this work we study the structural and electronic properties of supercritical CO2 starting with the evaluation of force fields based on previous ab initio BornOppenheimer molecular dynamics (BOMD) [1]. The main application is the description of the absorption spectrum of paranitroanilina (pNA) [2,3] in supercritical CO2. The supercritical CO2 is considered a ``green alternative" to convention...

Motivation: Network alignment (NA) can be pairwise (PNA) and multiple (MNA). PNA produces aligned node pairs between two networks. MNA produces aligned node clusters between more than two networks. Recently, the focus has shi‰ed from PNA to MNA, because MNA captures conserved regions between more networks than PNA (and MNA is thus considered to be more insightful), though at higher computationa...

PNA centers of action and differences in their magnitudes. In simulations of the future, both NAO and PNA magnitudes increase, with uncertainties related to the model response and emission scenarios. When assessing the influences of future NAO/PNA changes on regional winter temperature, it is found that the main factors are related to changes in the magnitude of the NAO Azores center and total ...

Elevated blood pressure (BP) is the most common cause of cardiovascular disease. Salt intake has a strong influence on BP, and plasma sodium (pNa) is increased with progressive increases in salt intake. However, the associations with pNa and BP had been reported inconsistently. We evaluated the association between pNa and BP, and estimated the risks of all-cause-mortality according to pNa level...