Backscatter differential phase is one of the polarimetric variables which can be estimated from the measurements by dualpolarization weather radars. By definition, the backscatter differential phase δ is a difference between the phases of horizontally and vertically polarized components of the backscattered wave upon reflection from the scatterers within the radar resolution volume. It contribu...

Dual polarization is becoming the standard for new weather radar systems. In contrast to conventional weather radars, where the reflectivity is measured in one polarization plane only, a dual polarization radar provides transmission in either horizontal, vertical, or both polarizations while receiving both the horizontal and vertical channels simultaneously. Since hydrometeors are often far fro...

Radar quantitative precipitation estimation (QPE) is one of the primary tasks weather radars. The QPE quality was substantially improved after polarimetric upgrade This study provides an overview existing methodologies for rain and snow their operational implementation. variability drop size distributions (DSDs) a factor affecting rainfall its impact on performance various radar relations at S,...

There is a renewed interest in the use of X-band weather radars, due to specific advantages such as applications to rainfall estimation in light rain, monitoring of sensitive areas that are inadequately covered by operational radar networks as well as the radar network concept introduced by the Center for Collaborative Adaptive Sensing of the Atmosphere (CASA) (Chandrasekar et al. 2004). The us...

Techniques for the absolute calibration of radar reflectivity Z and differential reflectivity ZDR measured with dual-polarization weather radars are examined herein. Calibration of Z is based on the idea of self-consistency among Z, ZDR, and the specific differential phase KDP in rain. Extensive spatial and temporal averaging is used to derive the average values of ZDR and KDP for each 1 dB ste...

Agricultural targets mainly concern towards the preservation of the soil and crop productivity. Recent study and analysis of radars in the field of agriculture has determined that interaction of the radar pulses with various conditions of soil have significantly affected backscattering. On discussion to soil conditions, may account such as the moisture content availed and soil tillage. Tilling ...

Carrier frequencies of networked weather radars are allocated in a narrow band, i.e., in X-, C-, and Sbands. To reduce signal interference among adjacent radars, the carrier frequencies are offset. A calibration procedure, running on radars, brings reflectivity values to the same level assuming that the intrinsic reflectivity of the scattering media is the same. This assumption is good for rain...

Piemonte region, in the north-western Italy, is characterized by complex orography and Mediterranean influence that often causes extreme rainfall event, during the warm season. Although the region is monitored by a dense gauge network (more than one gauge per 100 km 2 ), the ground measurements are often inadequate to properly observe intense and highly variable precipitations. Polarimetric wea...

The United States’ Next Generation Weather Radar (NEXRAD) program has deployed a polarimetric upgrade to the WSR-88D network radars. This modification provides new base variables to the operational community and has opened exciting new possibilities for improved forecasts and warnings. One variable in particular, differential reflectivity (ZDR), is critically important to improved precipitation...