We analyze a model of a dynamic political competition between two policy-motivated parties under uncertainty. The model suggests that electoral mandates matter: increasing the margin of victory in the previous election causes both parties to shift towards policies preferred by the winner, and the loser typically shifts more than the winner. The model also provides potential answers to a number ...

One of the most important concepts explaining rapid change in world is globalization. The topic behind power this concept to explain undoubtedly economy. economic transformation confronts states, which are actors modern political system, with great difficulties. Therefore, research aims challenges facing state and parties by In context, theories developed on discussed negative effects globaliza...

Women’s political representation has been for decades ahead of women’s rights movement. However, women presence in politics is not only limited to women political participation but their position in party politics as well. This paper aims to analyze the role of parties in empowering women at the UK parliament and tries to contribute towards the existing literature through presenting an interdis...